*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of a

The letter name is from Middle English ā, from Old French, ultimately from Latin ā. Use of the Latin letter in (Old) English displaced the futhorc letter ᚪ (a) beginning in the 7th century, and partially also ᚫ (æ).

11 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 11 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
character

The first letter of the English alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

noun

The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

num

The first numeral symbol of the English alphabet, called ay and written in the Latin script.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

The letter name is from Middle English ā, from Old French, ultimately from Latin ā. Use of the Latin letter in (Old) English displaced the futhorc letter ᚪ (a) beginning in the 7th century, and partially also ᚫ (æ).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionaenm
  • Derivation mentionāla
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "a",
        "4": "ā"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ā"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ā"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ā"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "ā",
      "a/languages M to Z#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ā",
      "a/languages A to L#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "futhorc",
      "futhorc"
    ],
    [
      "ᚪ",
      "ᚪ#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "ᚫ",
      "ᚫ#Old_English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "character",
      "glosses": [
        "The first letter of the English alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "letter",
        "lowercase"
      ],
      "recordId": "a05f063547a0041643b5b4dcec2b02dd8d6f498245f32022aa97281a01e1c210",
      "rawRecordSha256": "eea60c8def0487fc256b93f2198312d379914e4c0d8320522016ada54dc3dcc6",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322110
    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The name of the Latin script letter A/a."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "f11e277d188915342935a9cc8c80499e159cc8646be1504e6edc5f5bbbad0459",
      "rawRecordSha256": "c6dcaf3ccf6ec6c7885124a9f2b4846a7e25caa9ec6743a42b19244a15d95f1e",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322112
    },
    {
      "pos": "num",
      "glosses": [
        "The first numeral symbol of the English alphabet, called ay and written in the Latin script."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "lowercase"
      ],
      "recordId": "fec4dd97514a3e286bae601463c4acd17e71c9f68ba4b6add4e67e5137970e8f",
      "rawRecordSha256": "db92d948127633e3c6cd7b4143c2131bdf18c04f7b30c65005b22a58e1f8095a",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322111
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
article

An unspecified example of (something); the indefinite article. · One; used before score, dozen, hundred, thousand, million, etc. · Used in some phrases denoting quantity, such as a few, a good many, a couple, a little, a bit, etc. · Used before a numeral.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ís? Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos Proto-Germanic *ainaz Proto-West Germanic *ain Old English ān Middle English an Middle English a English a From Middle English a, an, from Old English ān (“one; a; lone; sole”). More at one. The "n" was gradually lost before consonants in almost all dialects by the 15th century. Cognate with Alemannic German a (“a, an”), East Franconian a (“a, an”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionaenm
  • Inherited-form mentionanang
  • Cognate mentionagsw · a, an
  • Cognate mentionavmf · a, an

This page abbreviates 8 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:a<id:article>",
        "id": "article",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ís?\nProto-Indo-European *h₁óynos\nProto-Germanic *ainaz\nProto-West Germanic *ain\nOld English ān\nMiddle English an\nMiddle English a\nEnglish a\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ainaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ain\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ān\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"an\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"a\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"a\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"article\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"a\" id=\"English:_article\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "a"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English a"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "an",
        "4": "ān",
        "5": "one; a; lone; sole"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ān (“one; a; lone; sole”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gsw",
        "2": "a",
        "t": "a, an"
      },
      "expansion": "Alemannic German a (“a, an”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "vmf",
        "2": "a",
        "t": "a, an"
      },
      "expansion": "East Franconian a (“a, an”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:a<id:article>",
        "id": "article",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ís?\nProto-Indo-European *h₁óynos\nProto-Germanic *ainaz\nProto-West Germanic *ain\nOld English ān\nMiddle English an\nMiddle English a\nEnglish a"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*ís",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ís"
    ],
    [
      "*h₁óynos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁óynos#Proto-Indo-European:_one"
    ],
    [
      "*ainaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ainaz#Proto-Germanic:_one"
    ],
    [
      "*ain",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ain#Proto-West_Germanic:_one"
    ],
    [
      "ān",
      "an#Old_English:_one"
    ],
    [
      "an",
      "an#Middle_English:_article"
    ],
    [
      "a",
      "a/languages M to Z#Middle_English:_article"
    ],
    [
      "a",
      "a/languages M to Z#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "an",
      "an#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ān",
      "an#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "one",
      "one#English"
    ],
    [
      "a",
      "a/languages A to L#Alemannic_German"
    ],
    [
      "a",
      "a/languages A to L#East_Franconian"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "article",
      "glosses": [
        "An unspecified example of (something); the indefinite article.",
        "One; used before score, dozen, hundred, thousand, million, etc.",
        "Used in some phrases denoting quantity, such as a few, a good many, a couple, a little, a bit, etc.",
        "Used before a numeral."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "75f1bbdf846111072d919506a2809bdb380dba976a6aeedc060e74788ac5dc1b",
      "rawRecordSha256": "ec6ab0e171ce5ac935b85395b98d56588dfe67d14bbcec0f492286ce7d31c9a7",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322113
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 8,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
prep

To do with separation; In, into. · To do with time; Each, per, in, on, by. Often occurs between two nouns, where the first noun occurs at the end of a verbal phrase. · To do with status; In. · To do with position or direction; In, on, at, by, towards, onto.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

* From Middle English a, o, from Old English a-, an, on. * Unstressed form of on.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionaenm
  • Inherited-form mentiona-ang

This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "a"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English a"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "a-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English a-"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "a",
      "a/languages M to Z#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "o",
      "o#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "a-",
      "a-#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "an",
      "an#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "on",
      "on#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "on",
      "on"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "prep",
      "glosses": [
        "To do with separation; In, into.",
        "To do with time; Each, per, in, on, by. Often occurs between two nouns, where the first noun occurs at the end of a verbal phrase.",
        "To do with status; In.",
        "To do with position or direction; In, on, at, by, towards, onto."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "recordId": "496af2e097057e657bb14757aab64bf6e91de1ca922e30a44b92e2d1788dd751",
      "rawRecordSha256": "55f6c9648f9aeac0d1ce5d5e6ae8affcdd3db6047155255bf833a8fdb070c508",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322114
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 5,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 4

Original entry ↗
verb

Have (auxiliary verb). · Had (auxiliary verb).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English a, ha contraction of have, or haven.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionaenm
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:+<alt:a><ety:clipping<enm:ha<id:have>>>",
        "id": "have"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"have\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"clip.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Clipping of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"have\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"have\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"seize\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kap-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*habjaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*habbjan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"habban\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"haven\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"ha\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"a\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"have\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"a\" id=\"English:_have\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "a"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English a"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:+<alt:a><ety:clipping<enm:ha<id:have>>>",
        "id": "have"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "a",
      "a/languages M to Z#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ha",
      "ha#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "have",
      "have#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "haven",
      "haven#Middle_English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "Have (auxiliary verb).",
        "Had (auxiliary verb)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "slang",
        "rare"
      ],
      "recordId": "df1a6a9df48236c43df46716e0de23361f5259b910b1732534ae5fe35f234cb2",
      "rawRecordSha256": "64a9a2a51f23a5d265c39cffbd98f5e05fe2690a361839f38f4cd4018ba42fce",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322115
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 5

Original entry ↗
pron

He, she, they: the third-person singular or plural nominative. · He, the third-person singular nominative. · She, the third-person singular nominative.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English a, a reduced form of he (“he”)/ha (“he”), heo (“she”)/ha (“she”), ha (“it”), and hie, hie (“they”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionaenm
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "a"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English a"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "a",
      "a/languages M to Z#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "he",
      "he#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ha",
      "ha#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "heo",
      "heo#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ha",
      "ha#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ha",
      "ha#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "hie, hie",
      "hie#Middle_English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "pron",
      "glosses": [
        "He, she, they: the third-person singular or plural nominative.",
        "He, the third-person singular nominative.",
        "She, the third-person singular nominative."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "1976087e6254c40e6a945ba2a494d9fa763985b17b51f7e66f4dd119b0695963",
      "rawRecordSha256": "4c8e2531956b5eddff6855a231ec0e850dbc1fc559093a27438f4c0f740869ab",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322116
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 6

Original entry ↗
prep

Of.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep Proto-Indo-European *-o Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó Proto-Germanic *ab Proto-West Germanic *ab Old English æf Old English of Middle English of English a From Middle English of, with apocope of the final f and vowel reduction.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionofenm
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:of<id:preposition>",
        "id": "of",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Germanic *ab\nProto-West Germanic *ab\nOld English æf\nOld English of\nMiddle English of\nEnglish a\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ab\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ab\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"æf\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"of\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"of\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"a\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"of\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"a\" id=\"English:_of\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "of"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English of"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:of<id:preposition>",
        "id": "of",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Germanic *ab\nProto-West Germanic *ab\nOld English æf\nOld English of\nMiddle English of\nEnglish a"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*h₂ep",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ep"
    ],
    [
      "*-o",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-o"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂epó",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂epó#Proto-Indo-European:_away"
    ],
    [
      "*ab",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ab"
    ],
    [
      "*ab",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ab#Proto-West_Germanic:_of"
    ],
    [
      "æf",
      "æf#Old_English:_of"
    ],
    [
      "of",
      "of#Old_English:_preposition"
    ],
    [
      "of",
      "of#Middle_English:_preposition"
    ],
    [
      "of",
      "of#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "apocope",
      "apocope"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "prep",
      "glosses": [
        "Of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "slang"
      ],
      "recordId": "018339912434a7d1f4252c9a0a7252136021b17db68fbfa4ddf4b6c4578b0153",
      "rawRecordSha256": "79c797d07fb5045be3735669ea0539243a4bf21005e3c8c4d57e1bb2878e1b89",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322117
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 7

Original entry ↗
adv

All.

adj

All.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Northern Middle English aw, alteration of all.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionawenm
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "aw"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English aw"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "aw",
      "aw#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "all",
      "all#Middle_English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adv",
      "glosses": [
        "All."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "recordId": "c137efc4ea5c5177d3c8885e342b675b2d9699cf7e7524ac1319ec143e8ee568",
      "rawRecordSha256": "a9554158e06c5c3bc63548364d3fa8c234f4e3b764c026b463aab5ae4b47b621",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322118
    },
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "All."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "recordId": "d5caee4a95033eb509e862e5bda7b0c5657cc100c213d3edb9dbc205f35edbe0",
      "rawRecordSha256": "51e0ee1539658cb9ccc5f16a6344d130549f4fa4233fab189cc19774b03723a8",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322119
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 9

Original entry ↗
contraction

Used to express a future action; going to.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Contraction of gonna, itself a reduction of going to; see Etymology 8 above (“to”).

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "contraction",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gonna"
      },
      "expansion": "Contraction of gonna"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "gonna",
      "gonna#English"
    ],
    [
      "going to",
      "going to#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "contraction",
      "glosses": [
        "Used to express a future action; going to."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "contraction"
      ],
      "recordId": "938ee72ed1ff60aba396351fbe045f6806396fbdf5c3377dfd05b3b6f5019fcc",
      "rawRecordSha256": "b19b1c433c5db6c47ec11df4479b2cc19abbdebc479e260852867ebd7d706cd9",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322121
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 10

Original entry ↗
conj

Contraction of and.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Contraction of and.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "contraction",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "and"
      },
      "expansion": "Contraction of and"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "and",
      "and#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "conj",
      "glosses": [
        "Contraction of and."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "contraction",
        "dialectal",
        "obsolete",
        "rare"
      ],
      "recordId": "19a055023210b8c707f335bcd45ada7258d244dd55c65b3dd30ee73ac5d36de7",
      "rawRecordSha256": "21ec6c74a515d9dec700925c9e02a95e99395314b6bd30d1a414f579d440d200",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322122
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 14

Original entry ↗
noun

The name of the Cyrillic script letter А/а.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Borrowed from Russian а (a).

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "ru:а",
        "id": "cyrillic letter",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Russian\", \"term\" : \"а\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ru\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"a\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"cyrillic letter\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"a\" id=\"English:_cyrillic_letter\">\nBorrowed from Russian а (a)."
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "ru:а",
        "id": "cyrillic letter",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Russian а (a)."
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "а",
      "а#Russian"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The name of the Cyrillic script letter А/а."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "38d6324415efb1147e2b2ede9b05e93bebd11d18cad1d221c53af5d79c0b7059",
      "rawRecordSha256": "a830393c132174a539f05ea4c6765c28b5407500213e9ecb044c206b56653a24",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322126
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 16

Original entry ↗
noun

The fourth semiquaver (sixteenth note) of a beat.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From the common method of counting semiquavers as "one-e-and-a, two-e-and-a" and so on, so forth.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymid",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "music"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "semiquavers",
      "semiquavers"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The fourth semiquaver (sixteenth note) of a beat."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ],
      "recordId": "4b16d271379cba6b644a10d6382a0f62bd4bfa119f058db2f1b00d0bec2ae46e",
      "rawRecordSha256": "68e3a43045ba54c39175df823e993c06e80c9362cc5300b2b2fa2580cc2d8396",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 322128
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for a →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-YQ