Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗To become foggy or gloomy, or obscured from sight. · To overspread or hide with a cloud or clouds. · Of the breath, to become cloud; to turn into mist. · To make obscure.
A visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air. · Any mass of dust, steam or smoke resembling such a mass. · Anything reminiscent of a cloud. · Anything which makes things foggy, unclear or gloomy.
From Middle English cloud, from Old English clūd (“mass of stone, rock, boulder, hill”), from Proto-West Germanic *klūt, from Proto-Germanic *klūtaz, *klutaz (“lump, mass, conglomeration”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to ball up, clench”). Cognate with Scots clood, clud (“cloud”), Dutch kluit (“lump, mass, clod”), German Low German Kluut, Kluute (“lump, mass, ball”), German Kloß (“lump, ball, dumpling”), Danish klode (“sphere, orb, planet”), Swedish klot (“sphere, orb, ball, globe”), Icelandic klót (“knob on a sword's hilt”). Related to English clod, clot, clump, club. Largely replaced Middle English welkne, from Old English wolcn (whence English welkin), from Proto-Germanic *wulkną, the original Germanic word for cloud (compare Dutch wolk, German Wolke, North Frisian and West Frisian wolk).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentioncloudenm
- Inherited-form mentionclūdang · mass of stone, rock, boulder, hill
- Inherited-form mention*klūtgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*klūtazgem-pro
- Derivation mention*gel-ine-pro · to ball up, clench
- Cognate mentioncloodsco
- Cognate mentionkluitnl
- Cognate mentionKloßde
- Cognate mentionklodeda
- Cognate mentionklotsv
- Cognate mentionklótis
- Cognate mentioncloden
- Non-cognate comparisonwelkneenm
- Non-cognate comparisonwolcnang
- Non-cognate comparisonwelkinen
- Non-cognate comparison*wulknągem-pro
- Cognate mentionwolknl
- Cognate mentionWolkede
This page abbreviates 16 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cloud"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cloud"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "clūd",
"t": "mass of stone, rock, boulder, hill"
},
"expansion": "Old English clūd (“mass of stone, rock, boulder, hill”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klūt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klūt"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klūtaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klūtaz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-",
"t": "to ball up, clench"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to ball up, clench”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "clood"
},
"expansion": "Scots clood"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kluit",
"3": "",
"4": "lump, mass, clod"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kluit (“lump, mass, clod”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Kluute",
"3": "Kluut, Kluute",
"4": "lump, mass, ball"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Kluut, Kluute (“lump, mass, ball”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kloß",
"3": "",
"4": "lump, ball, dumpling"
},
"expansion": "German Kloß (“lump, ball, dumpling”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "klode",
"3": "",
"4": "sphere, orb, planet"
},
"expansion": "Danish klode (“sphere, orb, planet”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "klot",
"3": "",
"4": "sphere, orb, ball, globe"
},
"expansion": "Swedish klot (“sphere, orb, ball, globe”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "klót",
"3": "",
"4": "knob on a sword's hilt"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic klót (“knob on a sword's hilt”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "clod"
},
"expansion": "English clod"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "welkne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English welkne"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wolcn"
},
"expansion": "Old English wolcn"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "welkin"
},
"expansion": "English welkin"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wulkną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulkną"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wolk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wolk"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wolke"
},
"expansion": "German Wolke"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr,fy",
"2": "wolk"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian and West Frisian wolk"
}
],
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud#Middle_English"
],
[
"clūd",
"clud#Old_English"
],
[
"*klūt",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/klūt"
],
[
"*klūtaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klūtaz"
],
[
"*klutaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klutaz"
],
[
"*gel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gel-"
],
[
"clood",
"clood#Scots"
],
[
"clud",
"clud#Scots"
],
[
"kluit",
"kluit#Dutch"
],
[
"Kluut, Kluute",
"Kluute#Low_German"
],
[
"Kloß",
"Kloß#German"
],
[
"klode",
"klode#Danish"
],
[
"klot",
"klot#Swedish"
],
[
"klót",
"klót#Icelandic"
],
[
"clod",
"clod#English"
],
[
"clot",
"clot#English"
],
[
"clump",
"clump#English"
],
[
"club",
"club#English"
],
[
"welkne",
"welkne#Middle_English"
],
[
"wolcn",
"wolcn#Old_English"
],
[
"welkin",
"welkin#English"
],
[
"*wulkną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wulkną"
],
[
"wolk",
"wolk#Dutch"
],
[
"Wolke",
"Wolke#German"
],
[
"North Frisian",
"wolk#North_Frisian"
],
[
"wolk",
"wolk#West_Frisian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To become foggy or gloomy, or obscured from sight.",
"To overspread or hide with a cloud or clouds.",
"Of the breath, to become cloud; to turn into mist.",
"To make obscure."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "412a6de657443e6784fbe73fe4d8f3e4a7a0cbfd4dfa5e93a316c34568a686c0",
"rawRecordSha256": "efab715a8adbabcdcadde7a26ac2359bd9b66690a3afc6b251b2e5e31b433931",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 35954
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air.",
"Any mass of dust, steam or smoke resembling such a mass.",
"Anything reminiscent of a cloud.",
"Anything which makes things foggy, unclear or gloomy."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "7750a472ef054a90308bfd51dc7629ff96afb3c9ff6fa664b8a73013d84e57b4",
"rawRecordSha256": "db6e03b844e0559db45853ed85ce4ab2f7bd7f093772348020176cafa91e4165",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 35953
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 16,
"glosses": 0
}
}