Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗intj
Hello, hi. · Bye, goodbye.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA greeting or farewell using the word "ciao".
Etymology tree substrateder.? Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH-der.? Proto-Slavic *slov- Proto-Slavic *-ǫta Proto-Slavic *Slov-? Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ēnas Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Slavic *-inъ Proto-Slavic *-ěninъ Proto-Slavic *slověninъder. Ancient Greek Σκλαβηνός (Sklabēnós)der. Medieval Greek Σκλᾰ́βος (Sklắbos)bor. Late Latin Sclavus Medieval Latin sclavus Venetan s-ciao, sciavobor. Italian ciaobor. English ciao Borrowed from Italian ciao (“hello, goodbye”), from Venetan ciao (“hello, goodbye, your (humble) servant”), from Venetan s-ciao / s-ciavo (“servant, slave”), from Medieval Latin sclavus (“Slav, slave”), related also to Italian schiavo, English Slav, slave and Old Venetan S-ciavón (“Slav”), from Latin Sclavus, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *slověninъ. Not related to Vietnamese chào (“hello, goodbye”). Doublet of Slav and slave.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "it:ciao",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nsubstrateder.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱlewH-der.?\nProto-Slavic *slov-\nProto-Slavic *-ǫta\nProto-Slavic *Slov-?\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ēnas\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Slavic *-inъ\nProto-Slavic *-ěninъ\nProto-Slavic *slověninъder.\nAncient Greek Σκλαβηνός (Sklabēnós)der.\nMedieval Greek Σκλᾰ́βος (Sklắbos)bor.\nLate Latin Sclavus\nMedieval Latin sclavus\nVenetan s-ciao, sciavobor.\nItalian ciaobor.\nEnglish ciao\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"s-ciao, sciavo\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*Slov-\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"Dnieper\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*slov-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱlewH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ǫta\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*Slovǫta\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun-forming suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ēnas\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives of materials\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ěninъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*slověninъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"Σκλαβηνός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Greek\", \"term\" : \"Σκλᾰ́βος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gkm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"Sclavus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"sclavus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Venetan\", \"term\" : \"sciavo\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"vec\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"ciao\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ciao\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"ciao\">"
},
{
"name": "bor+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "ciao",
"4": "",
"5": "hello, goodbye"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian ciao (“hello, goodbye”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vec",
"3": "ciao",
"4": "",
"5": "hello, goodbye, your (humble) servant"
},
"expansion": "Venetan ciao (“hello, goodbye, your (humble) servant”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "s-ciao"
},
"expansion": "Venetan s-ciao"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "sclavus",
"4": "",
"5": "Slav, slave"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin sclavus (“Slav, slave”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "schiavo"
},
"expansion": "Italian schiavo"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Slav"
},
"expansion": "English Slav"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "slave",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "slave"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vec-old",
"2": "S-ciavón",
"t": "Slav"
},
"expansion": "Old Venetan S-ciavón (“Slav”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Sclavus"
},
"expansion": "Latin Sclavus"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*slověninъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *slověninъ"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "chào",
"3": "",
"4": "hello, goodbye"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese chào (“hello, goodbye”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Slav",
"3": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Slav and slave"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "it:ciao",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nsubstrateder.?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱlewH-der.?\nProto-Slavic *slov-\nProto-Slavic *-ǫta\nProto-Slavic *Slov-?\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ēnas\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Slavic *-inъ\nProto-Slavic *-ěninъ\nProto-Slavic *slověninъder.\nAncient Greek Σκλαβηνός (Sklabēnós)der.\nMedieval Greek Σκλᾰ́βος (Sklắbos)bor.\nLate Latin Sclavus\nMedieval Latin sclavus\nVenetan s-ciao, sciavobor.\nItalian ciaobor.\nEnglish ciao"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*ḱlewH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlewH-"
],
[
"*-ǫta",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ǫta"
],
[
"*Slov-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/Slovǫta"
],
[
"*-ēnas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-ēnas#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_noun-forming_suffix"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-iHnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iHnos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives_of_materials"
],
[
"*-inъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-inъ#Proto-Slavic:_suffix"
],
[
"*-ěninъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ěninъ"
],
[
"*slověninъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/slověninъ"
],
[
"Σκλαβηνός",
"Σκλαβηνός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"Σκλᾰ́βος",
"Σκλάβος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"Sclavus",
"Sclavus#Latin"
],
[
"sclavus",
"sclavus#Latin"
],
[
"s-ciao, sciavo",
"sciavo#Venetan"
],
[
"ciao",
"ciao#Italian"
],
[
"ciao",
"ciao#Italian"
],
[
"ciao",
"ciao#Venetan"
],
[
"s-ciao",
"s-ciao#Venetan"
],
[
"s-ciavo",
"s-ciavo#Venetan"
],
[
"sclavus",
"sclavus#Latin"
],
[
"schiavo",
"schiavo#Italian"
],
[
"Slav",
"Slav#English"
],
[
"slave",
"slave#English"
],
[
"S-ciavón",
"S-ciavón#Venetan"
],
[
"Sclavus",
"Sclavus#Latin"
],
[
"*slověninъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/slověninъ"
],
[
"Not related to",
"false cognate"
],
[
"chào",
"chào#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Slav",
"Slav#English"
],
[
"slave",
"slave#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "intj",
"glosses": [
"Hello, hi.",
"Bye, goodbye."
],
"tags": [],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 184044
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A greeting or farewell using the word \"ciao\"."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "ff65f3dd2466af1c0bd396daead1e3b9f411a0953860deaf7de3aa8c3218c4cc",
"rawRecordSha256": "7b2ac35514832eafc2ea771027651f3fa9912c6e1308c6b45426a065951dd1cf",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 184045
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}