Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗A moderate, but uncomfortable and penetrating coldness. · A sudden penetrating sense of cold, especially one that causes a brief trembling nerve response through the body; the trembling response itself; often associated with illness: fevers and chills, or susceptibility to illness. · An uncomfortable and numbing sense of fear, dread, anxiety, or alarm, often one that is sudden and usually accompanied by a trembling nerve response resembling the body's response to biting cold. · An iron mould or portion of a mould, serving to cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten iron brought in contact with it.
From Middle English chele, chile, from Old English ċiele, ċele (“cold; coldness”), from Proto-West Germanic *kali, from Proto-Germanic *kaliz, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold”). Closely related with Dutch kil. Also akin to cool, cold, gel, and congeal, which see.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chele"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chele"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċiele"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċiele"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kali"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kali"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kaliz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaliz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-",
"t": "to be cold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kil"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kil"
}
],
"links": [
[
"chele",
"chele#Middle_English"
],
[
"chile",
"chile#Middle_English"
],
[
"ċiele",
"ciele#Old_English"
],
[
"ċele",
"cele#Old_English"
],
[
"*kali",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kali"
],
[
"*kaliz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaliz"
],
[
"*gel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gel-"
],
[
"kil",
"kil#Dutch"
],
[
"cool",
"cool#English"
],
[
"cold",
"cold#English"
],
[
"gel",
"gel#English"
],
[
"congeal",
"congeal#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A moderate, but uncomfortable and penetrating coldness.",
"A sudden penetrating sense of cold, especially one that causes a brief trembling nerve response through the body; the trembling response itself; often associated with illness: fevers and chills, or susceptibility to illness.",
"An uncomfortable and numbing sense of fear, dread, anxiety, or alarm, often one that is sudden and usually accompanied by a trembling nerve response resembling the body's response to biting cold.",
"An iron mould or portion of a mould, serving to cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten iron brought in contact with it."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 273476
}
],
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 5,
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}
}