Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To furnish with a cog or cogs. · Of an electric motor or generator, to snap preferentially to certain positions when not energized.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA tooth on a gear. · A gear; especially, a cogwheel. · An unimportant individual in a greater system. · A projection or tenon at the end of a beam designed to fit into a matching opening of another piece of wood to form a joint.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gēw- Proto-Indo-European *gugāder. Proto-Germanic *kuggōder. Old Norse *koggrbor. Middle English cogge English cog Inherited from Middle English cogge, from Old Norse *kogge, *koggr (see Old Swedish kogge, kogger), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (“cog, swelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”). Compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”). Cognates includes: Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog tooth”), Norwegian kugg (“cog”). The meaning of “cog” in carpentry derives from association with a tooth on a cogwheel. Compare Old Swedish koggavidher (“cog wood”), “wood reserved for a millwheel”. See also dialectal English cag (“stump”), keg; Old Norse kaggi (“keg”) + -gi (diminutive suffix), from the Germanic base *kagô (“bush, branch, stalk, stump”); also found in Bavarian Kag (“the stalk or stem of a cabbage”); dialectal Swedish kage (“treestump; piece of wood; post”), kagg or kagge (“scythe handle”); Norwegian Nynorsk kage or kagge (“low lying bush, small tree”), dialectal kagg (“scythe handle”); Old English ċeacga (“broom, furze, gorse”), whence English chag (“branch”), also Old English cyċġel, English cudgel (“knotty club”). The ultimate origin could be related to English cog (“cargo boat”) (Dutch kogge), probably named for its “round swollen” appearance.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentioncoggeenm
- Derivation mention*koggrnon
- Cognate mentionkoggergmq-osw
- Derivation mention*kuggōgem-pro
- Derivation mention*gugāine-pro
- Cognate mentiongugàlt
- Cognate mentionkuggsv
- Cognate mentionkuggno
- Cognate mentionkoggavidhergmq-osw
- Cognate mentioncagen
- Cognate mentionkagginon
- Cognate mentionKagbar · the stalk or stem of a cabbage
- Cognate mentionkagesv · treestump; piece of wood; post
- Cognate mentionkagenn
- Cognate mentionċeacgaang · broom, furze, gorse
- Cognate mentionchagen · branch
- Cognate mentioncycgelang
- Cognate mentioncudgelen
- Cognate mentioncogen
- Cognate mentionkoggenl
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:cogge<ety:bor<non:*koggr<ety:der<gem-pro:*kuggō<ety:der<ine-pro:*gugā<ety:from<*gēw->>>>>>>>",
"id": "tooth",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gēw-\nProto-Indo-European *gugāder.\nProto-Germanic *kuggōder.\nOld Norse *koggrbor.\nMiddle English cogge\nEnglish cog\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gēw-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gugā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kuggō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"*koggr\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"cogge\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cog\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"tooth\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"cog\" id=\"English:_tooth\">"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cogge",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English cogge"
},
{
"name": "inh+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cogge"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English cogge"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "*koggr",
"4": "*kogge, *koggr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse *kogge, *koggr"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kogger",
"3": "kogge, kogger"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish kogge, kogger"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggō",
"4": "",
"5": "cog, swelling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggō (“cog, swelling”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gugā",
"4": "",
"5": "hump, ball"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gugà",
"3": "",
"4": "pommel, hump, hill"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kugg",
"3": "kugg, kugge",
"4": "cog tooth"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog tooth”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kugg",
"3": "",
"4": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian kugg (“cog”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "koggavidher",
"3": "",
"4": "cog wood"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish koggavidher (“cog wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cag",
"3": "",
"4": "stump"
},
"expansion": "English cag (“stump”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kaggi",
"3": "",
"4": "keg"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kaggi (“keg”)"
},
{
"name": "suf",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "",
"3": "-gi",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "+ -gi (diminutive suffix)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Kag",
"t": "the stalk or stem of a cabbage"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian Kag (“the stalk or stem of a cabbage”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kage",
"t": "treestump; piece of wood; post"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kage (“treestump; piece of wood; post”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kage"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk kage"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċeacga",
"t": "broom, furze, gorse"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeacga (“broom, furze, gorse”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chag",
"t": "branch"
},
"expansion": "English chag (“branch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cycgel",
"3": "cyċġel"
},
"expansion": "Old English cyċġel"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cudgel",
"3": "",
"4": "knotty club"
},
"expansion": "English cudgel (“knotty club”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cog",
"3": "",
"4": "cargo boat",
"id": "ship"
},
"expansion": "English cog (“cargo boat”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kogge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kogge"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:cogge<ety:bor<non:*koggr<ety:der<gem-pro:*kuggō<ety:der<ine-pro:*gugā<ety:from<*gēw->>>>>>>>",
"id": "tooth",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gēw-\nProto-Indo-European *gugāder.\nProto-Germanic *kuggōder.\nOld Norse *koggrbor.\nMiddle English cogge\nEnglish cog"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*gēw-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gēw-"
],
[
"*gugā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gugā"
],
[
"*kuggō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuggō"
],
[
"*koggr",
"Reconstruction:Old Norse/koggr"
],
[
"cogge",
"cogge#Middle_English"
],
[
"cogge",
"cogge#Middle_English"
],
[
"*kogge, *koggr",
"Reconstruction:Old Norse/koggr"
],
[
"kogge, kogger",
"kogger#Old_Swedish"
],
[
"*kuggō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuggō"
],
[
"*gugā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gugā"
],
[
"*gēw-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gēw-"
],
[
"gugà",
"guga#Lithuanian"
],
[
"kugg, kugge",
"kugg#Swedish"
],
[
"kugg",
"kugg#Norwegian"
],
[
"koggavidher",
"koggavidher#Old_Swedish"
],
[
"cag",
"cag#English"
],
[
"keg",
"keg#English"
],
[
"kaggi",
"kaggi#Old_Norse"
],
[
"-gi",
"-gi#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*kagô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kagô"
],
[
"Kag",
"Kag#Bavarian"
],
[
"kage",
"kage#Swedish"
],
[
"kagg",
"kagg#Swedish"
],
[
"kagge",
"kagge#Swedish"
],
[
"kage",
"kage#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"kagge",
"kagge#Norwegian"
],
[
"kagg",
"kagg#Norwegian"
],
[
"ċeacga",
"ceacga#Old_English"
],
[
"chag",
"chag#English"
],
[
"cyċġel",
"cycgel#Old_English"
],
[
"cudgel",
"cudgel#English"
],
[
"cog",
"cog#English:_ship"
],
[
"kogge",
"kogge#Dutch"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To furnish with a cog or cogs.",
"Of an electric motor or generator, to snap preferentially to certain positions when not energized."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"recordId": "4c6ec93a477a66724087535e8a56f7b422ef4e5a23e1af6cc857457a5975f581",
"rawRecordSha256": "116e04c123b65ef75d8974b3619a405bd33ac93ed469fa62cbcf95d8906a9ab7",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 228785
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A tooth on a gear.",
"A gear; especially, a cogwheel.",
"An unimportant individual in a greater system.",
"A projection or tenon at the end of a beam designed to fit into a matching opening of another piece of wood to form a joint."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "7ae7798131b84946969db7eab174cbe4c08bd4627dc3033b599581f592a9ffdb",
"rawRecordSha256": "305042aae7ca738615264df0402a35569e8e1455c24ec64e54cdbfeae532d8eb",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 228784
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 1,
"glosses": 0
}
}