*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of -st

From Middle English -st; see -est.

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
suffix

Verb suffix for the second-person singular; Alternative form of -est.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English -st; see -est.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mention-stenm
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-st"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -st"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "-st",
      "-st#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-est",
      "-est#Etymology 2"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "suffix",
      "glosses": [
        "Verb suffix for the second-person singular; Alternative form of -est."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "recordId": "201ab0a74e258e4d3883f309f97bcecc3b2f4dac678ad20bd2f00b38eb29dd7b",
      "rawRecordSha256": "3250bd386cbafceeb24d4bc713067892901801d610bc7d83ac5725bccea0525b",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 418157
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
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    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
suffix

Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is "first"

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From the written form of first; see further etymology there.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [],
  "links": [
    [
      "first",
      "first#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "suffix",
      "glosses": [
        "Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is \"first\""
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "recordId": "85f06905a3df206a04ef48d0fe0fd0f5d72e4bcc2da76a2893f4f18ea72411ff",
      "rawRecordSha256": "89aa11a0041be92f76bb7871dda71ef4ebfdc4de74f2f81ffd8dc928a72adca1",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 418158
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
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    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
suffix

Excrescent suffix (adding sound but largely not changing the meaning).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From -s + -t of excrescent suffixes, with -s sometimes genitive.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Compound component-sen
  • Compound component-ten
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymid",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "adverbial"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "compound",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-s",
        "3": "-t"
      },
      "expansion": "-s + -t"
    },
    {
      "name": "glossary",
      "args": {
        "1": "excrescent"
      },
      "expansion": "excrescent"
    },
    {
      "name": "glossary",
      "args": {
        "1": "genitive"
      },
      "expansion": "genitive"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "-s",
      "-s#English"
    ],
    [
      "-t",
      "-t#English"
    ],
    [
      "-s",
      "-s#Etymology 3"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "suffix",
      "glosses": [
        "Excrescent suffix (adding sound but largely not changing the meaning)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
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    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
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  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for -st →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-LXN0