Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗suffix
Alternative form of -al.
suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryForms a noun from a verb ending in -y.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisder. Old French -ialder. Middle English -ial English -ial Inherited from Middle English -ial, derived from Old French -ial, derived from Latin -ālis after radical in -ius, -ia, -ium. Equivalent to -i- + -al.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-ial<ety:der<fro:-ial<ety:der<la:-ālis>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisder.\nOld French -ialder.\nMiddle English -ial\nEnglish -ial\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ial\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ial\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ial\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ial\">"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ial",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ial"
},
{
"name": "inh+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ial"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English -ial"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "d"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "derived"
},
"expansion": "derived"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ial",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -ial"
},
{
"name": "der+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ial",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Old French -ial"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "d"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "derived"
},
"expansion": "derived"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ālis",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ālis"
},
{
"name": "der+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ālis",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Latin -ālis"
},
{
"name": "af",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-i-",
"3": "-al"
},
"expansion": "-i- + -al"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-ial<ety:der<fro:-ial<ety:der<la:-ālis>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisder.\nOld French -ialder.\nMiddle English -ial\nEnglish -ial"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₂el-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
],
[
"*-is",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
],
[
"*-ālis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin"
],
[
"-ial",
"-ial#Old_French"
],
[
"-ial",
"-ial#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ial",
"-ial#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ial",
"-ial#Old_French"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin"
],
[
"-ius",
"-ius"
],
[
"-ia",
"-ia"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium"
],
[
"-i-",
"-i-#English"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -al."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme",
"not-comparable"
],
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{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Forms a noun from a verb ending in -y."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
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"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}