*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of -al

From Middle English -al, from the Latin adjective suffix -ālis, or French, Middle French and Old French -el, -al. Distant doublet of -ar.

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
suffix

Of or pertaining to. Adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to produce an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also. · Forming nouns, especially of verbal action.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English -al, from the Latin adjective suffix -ālis, or French, Middle French and Old French -el, -al. Distant doublet of -ar.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mention-alenm
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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        "3": "enm:-al<id:adjectival suffix>",
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    [
      "-al",
      "-al#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "-ālis",
      "-alis#Latin"
    ],
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      "-el",
      "-el#French"
    ],
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      "-al",
      "-al#French"
    ],
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      "-ar",
      "-ar#English"
    ]
  ],
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        "Of or pertaining to. Adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to produce an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.",
        "Forming nouns, especially of verbal action."
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
suffix

Forms the names of aldehydes.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor. Aramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor. Arabic كُحْل (kuḥl) Andalusian Arabic كُحُول (kuḥūl)bor. Latin alcoholder. Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *déh₁ Proto-Italic *dē Latin dē Latin de-der. Proto-Indo-European *wed- Proto-Indo-European *-r̥ Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ Proto-Hellenic *údōr Ancient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr) Ancient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der. German Aldehydbor. English aldehydeclip. English -al Clipping of aldehyde.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":clip",
        "3": "aldehyde",
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        "tree": "1"
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      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nAkkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.\nAramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.\nArabic كُحْل (kuḥl)\nAndalusian Arabic كُحُول (kuḥūl)bor.\nLatin alcoholder.\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin de-der.\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Hellenic *údōr\nAncient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)\nAncient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der.\nGerman Aldehydbor.\nEnglish aldehydeclip.\nEnglish -al\n[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"transliteration\" : \"kuḥūl\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"antimony\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕\", \"id\" : \"antimony\", \"children\" : [ ], \"transliteration\" : \"guḫlum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Akkadian\", \"term\" : \"guḫlum\", \"lang\" : \"akk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"transliteration\" : \"kuḥlā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Aramaic\", \"term\" : \"כוחלא\", \"lang\" : \"arc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"root\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"ك ح ل\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"root\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"كُحْل\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Andalusian Arabic\", \"term\" : \"كُحُول\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"xaa\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"alcohol\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"of\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*de\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₁\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*déh₁\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*dē\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dē\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"de-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wed-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"mass nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r̥\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wódr̥\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*údōr\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῡ̆̔́δωρ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῠ̔δρο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Aldehyd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"aldehyde\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"aldehyde\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-al\" id=\"English:_aldehyde\">\nClipping of aldehyde."
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      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nAkkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.\nAramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.\nArabic كُحْل (kuḥl)\nAndalusian Arabic كُحُول (kuḥūl)bor.\nLatin alcoholder.\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *-h₁\nProto-Indo-European *déh₁\nProto-Italic *dē\nLatin dē\nLatin de-der.\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Hellenic *údōr\nAncient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)\nAncient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der.\nGerman Aldehydbor.\nEnglish aldehydeclip.\nEnglish -al\nClipping of aldehyde."
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕",
      "guḫlum#Akkadian:_antimony"
    ],
    [
      "כוחלא",
      "כוחלא#Aramaic:_antimony"
    ],
    [
      "كُحْل",
      "كحل#Arabic"
    ],
    [
      "كُحُول",
      "كحول#Andalusian_Arabic"
    ],
    [
      "alcohol",
      "alcohol#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*de",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/de"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₁",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₁"
    ],
    [
      "*déh₁",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/déh₁"
    ],
    [
      "*dē",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/dē"
    ],
    [
      "dē",
      "de#Latin:_of"
    ],
    [
      "de-",
      "de-#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*wed-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wed-#Proto-Indo-European:_water"
    ],
    [
      "*-r̥",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r̥#Proto-Indo-European:_mass_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*wódr̥",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wódr̥#Proto-Indo-European:_water"
    ],
    [
      "*údōr",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/údōr#Proto-Hellenic:_water"
    ],
    [
      "ῡ̆̔́δωρ",
      "ὕδωρ#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "ῠ̔δρο-",
      "ὑδρο-#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "Aldehyd",
      "Aldehyd#German"
    ],
    [
      "aldehyde",
      "aldehyde#English"
    ],
    [
      "aldehyde",
      "aldehyde#English"
    ]
  ],
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      "pos": "suffix",
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        "Forms the names of aldehydes."
      ],
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for -al →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-LWFs