*SET-U

CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD

COVERAGE LEDGER ↗
EDGE / 0188borrowingprobable

A CLAIM
YOU CAN AUDIT.

A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.

CHILD / LATER FORM / attestedOld French · Old French period · chess check warning

eschac / eschés

chess pieces; a check against the king

OPEN NODE 198 ↗
DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / attestedClassical Arabic · early Islamic chess vocabulary · king in chess

šāh

king; the king in chess

OPEN NODE 199 ↗
01

THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP

EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE

SOUND CHANGE

Arabic /ʃ/ is adapted as Old French /tʃ/ with an added initial vowel; direct borrowing versus Spanish mediation remains uncertain.

SEMANTIC CHANGE

The word “king” is reinterpreted as the chess warning or the pieces/game surrounding that warning.

CHRONOLOGY

Arabic-to-Romance chess contact before the Middle English borrowing.

SCHOLAR / EDITORIAL AUTHORITY

Merriam-Webster Editors

CONFIDENCE

probable — Merriam-Webster explicitly leaves direct Arabic transmission versus Spanish jaque mediation unresolved.

EDITORIAL STATUS

reviewed

02

CITATION REGISTER

SOURCES ON THIS EDGE

S01
Check — Word HistoryEtymology note on Arabic transmission

Records direct Arabic versus Spanish mediation uncertainty.

supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗
03

EDITORIAL REUSE

WHERE THIS CLAIM APPEARS

RELATION / 183check

eschac / eschés → šāh

OPEN DOSSIER ↗