Middle French hostile was borrowed from Latin hostīlis with minimal learned-form adaptation.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 0131borrowingestablished
A CLAIM
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A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
hostile
hostile or enemy-like
OPEN NODE 148 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / attestedLatin · Latin antiquity · enmityhostīlis
of or characteristic of an enemy
OPEN NODE 149 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
The meaning remained “of or characteristic of an enemy.”
No separate chronology note is attached beyond the endpoint date ranges.
Merriam-Webster editors
established — no additional confidence note is attached.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Hostile — Word HistoryMiddle French from Latin hostīlis
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗03
EDITORIAL REUSE