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Middle English kinrede loses the final weak syllable inherited from -ræden, while an intrusive d develops between n and r and becomes fixed in kindred. The edge preserves kindrede as a medieval variant without treating kind as a component.

The family, lineage, blood-relation, and kinship noun continues; attributive use produces the adjective for shared ancestry and later for related origin, nature, or character.

Middle English reduction into modern English, with no single invented date for d-fixation.

Elizabeth Closs Traugott · Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors

established — Traugott directly identifies kin-reden and the intrusive d; the dictionaries document the form history, noun-to-adjective relationship, and current senses.

reviewed