Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic — *fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-
Places daughter nouns under shared ancestry.
p. 140, reconstructed parent and daughter forms- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Guus Kroonen
- YEAR
- 2013
- PUBLISHER
- Brill
PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
No borrowing is established. The daughter nouns are collateral inherited descendants of the reconstructed Germanic formation.
not directly recoverable · Old Dutch masculine noun
Old Dutch fīunt is the normalized headword behind a twenty-six-occurrence historical-dictionary record for enemy or opponent. ONW classifies the noun as synchronically unsegmented but says it was originally the present participle of the verb corresponding to Old High German fīēn and Gothic fijan, a verb no longer known in Dutch. Its frequency table preserves six case-number cells: nominative and genitive singular plus nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative plural. Those are not a complete paradigm. The article displays twenty representative location blocks after warning that locations in the semantic profile have been reduced. Most early Wachtendonck Psalms material is linguistically dated 901–1000 but survives in copies dated 1595–1605, circa 1598, or 1701–1800; no tenth-century manuscript object was inspected. One dfiunt or fiunt gloss aligned with Latin diabolus is textually disputed, and one Groningen psalm gloss is explicitly assigned to Old Frisian by the dictionary. This dossier therefore treats fīunt as a nominal fossil with a partially preserved inflectional record, not as a productive Old Dutch participle or a complete transparent paradigm.
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Places daughter nouns under shared ancestry.
p. 140, reconstructed parent and daughter formsPlaces Old Dutch beside Old Frisian and the wider inherited family.
Cognates and historical dictionary linksSupports common inheritance before the daughter records.
pp. 47–49, pre-branch lexicalizationThe graph joins the branches at *fi(j)and- and draws no daughter-to-daughter donor edge.