A Handbook of Germanic Etymology — *xataz, *xatjanan, and *xatōjanan
Groups the Germanic formations while preserving alternatives.
p. 203, noun and weak-verb reconstructions- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Vladimir Orel
- YEAR
- 2003
- PUBLISHER
- Brill
PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
The weak-verb reconstructions are grouped with the *hatiz- noun family, but the exact formation, chronological direction, and relation among the ēn, ōn, and jan verbs are reconstructed rather than witnessed.
not directly recoverable · Old High German weak-verb citation form
An Old High German citation form in the inherited Germanic hate-verb family, printed beside hazzēn and spelling variants hazēn, hazōn, haʒʒēn, and haʒʒōn. Starling’s source record dates hazzēn to the eighth century and hazzōn to the ninth; Duden and Grimm’s DWB group the ēn and ōn forms in the history of German hassen. Corpus-wide research independently shows that some Old High German class-III ēn verbs also occur with class-II ōn forms, but the accessible abstract does not establish that hazzōn is one of its twenty repeatedly attested double forms. DWB reports haʒôn aligned with Latin aemulari and the forms hatamas and hatent with insequamur and insequuntur. Those reports support an action range involving following or hostile pursuit; they are not directly inspected manuscript tokens. Pokorny’s account, as transmitted by Starling, explicitly warns that the Germanic evidence does not prove “pursue” was the root’s basic meaning. The route therefore distinguishes the normalized headword, the combined historical variants, the reconstructed Germanic weak verb and noun family, the qualified Indo-European comparison, and the point where knowledge ends.
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Groups the Germanic formations while preserving alternatives.
p. 203, noun and weak-verb reconstructionsSupplies a more direct derivational analysis for a related Germanic branch.
Verb etymology: derivative from the base of *hatiz-The reviewed evidence does not yet warrant collapsing the competing or incomplete analyses into one secure answer.