Lemma hatizon — class-II Gothic verb and one-occurrence inventory
Bounds the corpus claim.
One verified occurrence inventory- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp
PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
No. It proves only that the current surviving and verified corpus contains one assigned token. The fragmentary manuscript record cannot measure ordinary speech.
not directly recoverable · Gothic class-II weak-verb lemma
A Gothic weak verb meaning be angry with or at someone, represented by exactly one verified corpus token: present active second-person plural hatizoþ in John 7:23. Project Wulfila and Streitberg align the form with Greek χολᾶτε in the question “are you angry at me?” and analyze the verb with a dative object. The University of Texas derivational grammar builds class-II hatizōn on the consonantal stem hatiz- of hatis “hatred” or “wrath”; Wright independently lists it as a class-II weak verb. The macronized infinitive is a scholarly citation form, while the manuscript writes only the inflected token without a vowel-length mark. The route continues through the reviewed Germanic noun family and a qualified Indo-European comparison, then stops. One corpus token cannot establish spoken rarity, first use, a complete semantic range, exact pronunciation, or one prehistoric essence.
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Bounds the corpus claim.
One verified occurrence inventoryDocuments the limited surviving record.
Gothic source and manuscript inventoryThe leaderboard says one surviving corpus token, never one historical utterance.