Duden — hassen
Separates person-directed hatred from strong aversion toward things or actions.
Meanings 1–2 and examples- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Dudenredaktion
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Cornelsen Verlag
PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
No. Duden separates hatred toward a person from strong aversion toward a thing or action and gives clausal-object examples.
[ˈhasn̩] · German weak verb
The modern German weak verb for feeling hatred toward a person or for strongly disliking a thing or action. Duden traces it through Middle High German haʒʒen and Old High German haʒʒēn / haʒʒōn and adds that the older verb also meant pursue. Grimm’s DWB makes the semantic contrast explicit: it calls hostile pursuit or persecution the original sense and then describes a later, more muted center in hostile disposition rather than hostile deeds. BMZ and Lexer independently document the Middle High German verb and its literary record. The reviewed ancestry follows the reconstructed Germanic weak-verb alternatives into the *hatiz- family, preserves the qualified *ḱh₂d-es- / *ḱeh₂d- proposal, and then stops.
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Separates person-directed hatred from strong aversion toward things or actions.
Meanings 1–2 and examplesThe dossier keeps both current senses instead of forcing every object into personal hatred.