CLAIM / COUNTERCLAIM / LIMITRECORD 433
DISPUTE
RECORD.
One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
openprobable
Does the Luke lexical swap resolve the remaining 21 noun-participle candidates?
No. Luke 1:71 and 6:27 show that fijan and hatan can exchange the work of enemies and those hating, but those two contextual alignments do not determine every other fijand- token.
WORD UNDER REVIEWDISPUTE 433
fijands
/ˈfi.jands/ · Gothic masculine nd-stem common noun
A Gothic masculine nd-stem noun conventionally glossed enemy. Project Wulfila currently exposes 26 candidates: three verified noun assignments, two further noun-only assignments, and 21 surface forms also listed under the living verb fijan. Ayora Estevan explains the collision diachronically: Proto-Germanic had already lexicalized the present-participial *fi(j)and- as enemy, while Gothic retained productive one-who-hates participles beside the noun. The five noun-only candidates use fiand, fijands, fijande, and fijandis; all five were inspected in Codex Argenteus facsimiles.
01DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
3 SOURCES WITH A STANCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
SOURCE 01supportsresearch database
Gothic Bible word analysis — Luke 1:71, hatandane
Documents one side of the lexical swap.
Luke 1:71, fijandam for enemies and hatandane for those hating- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp
SOURCE 02supportsresearch database
Gothic Bible word analysis — Luke 6:27, hatandans
Documents the reversed side.
Luke 6:27, hatandans for enemies and fijandam for those hating- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp
SOURCE 03contextresearch database
Lemma fijands — Gothic enemy noun and 26-token candidate inventory
Shows that the paired verses do not resolve the whole corpus.
Twenty-one ambiguous candidates across the noun inventory- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Project Wulfila editors · Wilhelm Streitberg
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Project Wulfila · University of Antwerp
02 / EDITORIAL STATE
THE QUESTION REMAINS OPEN.
- CONFIDENCE
- probable
- STATUS
- open
- LEGACY SOURCE SUMMARY
- The paired verses demonstrate translation flexibility and preserve, rather than erase, the wider category problem.
WHY NO RESOLUTIONThe reviewed evidence does not yet warrant collapsing the competing or incomplete analyses into one secure answer.