SOURCE 01supportsetymological dictionary
Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic — *fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-
Independently publishes the Germanic formation.
p. 140, *fi(j)and- and descendants- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Guus Kroonen
- YEAR
- 2013
- PUBLISHER
- Brill
PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗CLAIM / COUNTERCLAIM / LIMITRECORD 424
DISPUTE
RECORD.
One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
resolvedprobable
Did one who hates lexicalize as enemy only inside Gothic?
No. Old Norse, Faroese, Old English, Old Frisian, Old Dutch, and Old High German enemy nouns require a pre-Gothic Germanic formation.
WORD UNDER REVIEWDISPUTE 424
fijands
/ˈfi.jands/ · Gothic masculine nd-stem common noun
A Gothic masculine nd-stem noun conventionally glossed enemy. Project Wulfila currently exposes 26 candidates: three verified noun assignments, two further noun-only assignments, and 21 surface forms also listed under the living verb fijan. Ayora Estevan explains the collision diachronically: Proto-Germanic had already lexicalized the present-participial *fi(j)and- as enemy, while Gothic retained productive one-who-hates participles beside the noun. The five noun-only candidates use fiand, fijands, fijande, and fijandis; all five were inspected in Codex Argenteus facsimiles.
01
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
2 SOURCES WITH A STANCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
SOURCE 02supportsresearch article
On the syntax of the Agent nouns in Gothic: the case of nd-formations
Supports pre-Gothic lexicalization.
p. 47 note 24, inherited enemy-noun parallels across Germanic- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Daniel Ayora Estevan
- YEAR
- 2023
- PUBLISHER
- Cuadernos de Filología Clásica · Complutense University of Madrid
02 / EDITORIAL STATE
THE CURRENT RECORD IS RESOLVED.
- CONFIDENCE
- probable
- STATUS
- resolved
- LEGACY SOURCE SUMMARY
- Cross-branch descendants support Proto-Germanic lexicalization.
The graph places *fi(j)and- at the Proto-Germanic level and Gothic fijands below it.