*SET-U

PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD

ALL DISPUTES ↗
CLAIM / COUNTERCLAIM / LIMITRECORD 417

DISPUTE
RECORD.

One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.

resolvedprobable

Was the enemy noun lexicalized only inside Gothic?

No. Ayora Estevan argues for pre-Gothic, Proto-Germanic lexicalization because Old Norse, Faroese, Old English, Old Frisian, Old Dutch, and Old High German preserve parallel enemy nouns.

WORD UNDER REVIEWDISPUTE 417

fijan

/ˈfi.jan/ · Gothic class-III weak-verb lemma

A Gothic class-III weak verb conventionally glossed hate or detest. Project Wulfila currently exposes 42 candidate tokens under fijan: 13 verified, eight further lexically unambiguous, and 21 explicitly ambiguous with the masculine nd-stem noun fijands, enemy. The surface inventory contains fifteen written shapes, including one exact infinitive fijan in John 7:7 and four j-less forms. Ayora Estevan shows why the overlap cannot be normalized away: Proto-Germanic had already lexicalized *fi(j)and- as enemy, while Gothic still used the matching present-participial formation for one who hates.

01

DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE

2 SOURCES WITH A STANCE

A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.

02 / EDITORIAL STATE

THE CURRENT RECORD IS RESOLVED.

CONFIDENCE
probable
STATUS
resolved
LEGACY SOURCE SUMMARY
Cross-Germanic descendants support an inherited lexicalized nd-formation.
RESOLUTION NOTE

The graph places *fi(j)and- at the Proto-Germanic level and keeps the Gothic noun as its descendant.