Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic — *fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-
Independently publishes the Germanic formation.
p. 140, *fi(j)and- and descendants- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Guus Kroonen
- YEAR
- 2013
- PUBLISHER
- Brill
PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
No. Ayora Estevan argues for pre-Gothic, Proto-Germanic lexicalization because Old Norse, Faroese, Old English, Old Frisian, Old Dutch, and Old High German preserve parallel enemy nouns.
/ˈfi.jan/ · Gothic class-III weak-verb lemma
A Gothic class-III weak verb conventionally glossed hate or detest. Project Wulfila currently exposes 42 candidate tokens under fijan: 13 verified, eight further lexically unambiguous, and 21 explicitly ambiguous with the masculine nd-stem noun fijands, enemy. The surface inventory contains fifteen written shapes, including one exact infinitive fijan in John 7:7 and four j-less forms. Ayora Estevan shows why the overlap cannot be normalized away: Proto-Germanic had already lexicalized *fi(j)and- as enemy, while Gothic still used the matching present-participial formation for one who hates.
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Independently publishes the Germanic formation.
p. 140, *fi(j)and- and descendantsSupports Proto-Germanic rather than Gothic-only lexicalization.
p. 47 note 24, inherited enemy-noun parallels across GermanicThe graph places *fi(j)and- at the Proto-Germanic level and keeps the Gothic noun as its descendant.