American Heritage Dictionary: lay
Documents the transitive-intransitive distinction and historical relationship.
Usage Note and Word History for lay and lie- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- American Heritage Dictionary Editors
- YEAR
- 2022
- PUBLISHER
- HarperCollins
PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
They are historically related but grammatically distinct inherited verbs: lay is transitive and causative, while lie is intransitive; lay is also the standard past tense of lie, which creates modern ambiguity.
/leɪ/ · verb
To put, place, or set down; an inherited causative verb in the same deep lie-and-lay family that produced law.
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Documents the transitive-intransitive distinction and historical relationship.
Usage Note and Word History for lay and lieDocuments the deeper grammatical relationship.
Headword history: causative of the verb represented by lieThe graph connects the word family without collapsing the modern lexemes or their grammatical roles.