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One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
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Dictionary of Old Norse Prose citation — Hatr hafa þeir engla
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Dictionary of Old Norse Prose editors
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- University of Copenhagen
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- research database
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
Old Norse hatr has a 54-to-1 grammar problem.
The University of Copenhagen’s Dictionary of Old Norse Prose separates a 54-citation neuter noun from a one-citation masculine analysis—and flags the lone masculine assignment as possibly an elementary error. A directly inspected c.1150-1200 manuscript visibly preserves Hatr, but a visible token cannot settle gender by itself. The reveal is not that Old Norse had two equally secure hate nouns; it is that rigorous lexicography preserves the fracture instead of hiding it.
*ḱeh₂d- → *ḱh₂d-es- → *hatiz- → hatr
Eluc674(1989) 158.10; Hatr hafa þeir englaLocates the directly inspected neuter-entry token.
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
Is the c.1150-1200 Hatr token the first known use?
Not established. The inspected object proves a token in that codex; neither ONP nor the facsimile inspection licenses a global earliest-surviving-use claim.
AM 674 a 4°, c.1150-1200; Hatr hafa þeir englaDates and locates the inspected token without claiming firstness.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
Old Norse manuscript world
Locates, dates, and transcribes the directly inspected manuscript line.
Eluc674(1989) 158.10; AM 674 a 4°, c.1150-1200; Hatr hafa þeir engla · broadNON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
WORD-FAMILY REUSE