Uncertain . Traditionally derived from either of the Proto-Indo-European roots * (h₃)rew-d- ( “ to tear up, dig up ” ) or * gʰrew-d- ( “ gravel, stone ” ) , along with rūdus ( “ debris, rubble ” ) and rudis ( “ rough, raw ” ) ; modern scholars however tend to deem this phonetically impossible. Rather, to be considered a substrate word and compared with Proto-West Germanic * arut ( “ ore ” ) , along with perhaps Sumerian 𒍏 ( urud , “ copper ” ) ; this latter theory is supported by Kroonen. De Vaan, on the other hand, considers this a derivative of Proto-Indo-European * h₁rewdʰ- ( “ red ” ) , albeit loaned from a likely-extinct Indo-European branch.
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Lewis’s Elementary Latin Dictionary
1890 American Book Company edition; pinned Perseus XML digitizationraudus
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