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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
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Lewis’s Elementary Latin Dictionary
1890 American Book Company edition; pinned Perseus XML digitization
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Latin · Etymology
From Proto-Italic * merks (compare Faliscan 𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌂𐌖𐌉 ( mercui , dative ) , Oscan 𐌌𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌖𐌉 ( merikui , dat.sg. ) , names of deities), of uncertain etymology. De Vaan relates this word to Mercurius , deriving them both from a root referring to various aspects of economics, which he presumes to have an Etruscan origin.
However, in the 2020s, Nikolaev and Matasović independently proposed Indo-European etymologies for merx . Both derivations assume that the simple -c- in the oblique cases was analogically levelled based on the nominative singular, as all velars merged to *-k- when immediately preceding the nominative singular *-s in Italic.
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