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Lewis’s Elementary Latin Dictionary
1890 American Book Company edition; pinned Perseus XML digitization
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Latin · Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Italic * juwō , from Proto-Indo-European * h₂yéwHō ( “ young ” ) . Cognate with Sanskrit युवन् ( yúvan ) , Persian جوان ( jawān / javân ) , Old Irish óc (early OIr: óac ), Old English ġeong (whence English young ). The Latin nominative singular form iuvenis is an innovation replacing expected * iuvō (compare Sanskrit युवा ( yuvā ) ). The ending -is was introduced from i-stem nouns. However, forms other than the nominative singular continued to use consonant-stem endings. Compare canis from * ḱwṓ .
The -e- in the second syllable is unexpected, since any short vowel in a medial open syllable was normally weakened to -i- in Latin. The -e- might have been taken by analogy from the antonym sen- ( “ old man ” ) , or alternatively, from the related suffixed nouns iuventūs , iuventās .
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