GRAPH-WIDE SEARCH
MEASURE THE GRAPH ↗NOT JUST A DICTIONARY LOOKUP
6 EVIDENCE COLLECTIONSSEARCH
THE GRAPH.
Find a modern word—or search sideways through reconstructed roots, historical forms, meanings, languages, scholars, sources, claims, disputes, and witnesses.
WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL1 source section across 1 headword matching “calx”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
calxEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
From Latin calx (“lime”). Doublet of cauk and chalk.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Lewis’s Elementary Latin Dictionary
1890 American Book Company edition; pinned Perseus XML digitization- calxLatin · n2014
calx cis, f Source etymology: CEL-, CER- , the heel: (forīs) calcibus insultare, T.: uti pugnis et calcibus: ferrata, the spur, V.: nudis calcibus anguem premere, Iu.: quadrupes calcibus auras Verberat, i. e. the fore-fe
Read the full source record → - calxLatin · n2015
calx cis, f , xa/lic, limestone, lime: in insulam calcem convexit: caementa calce durata, L. — Fig., the goal of the race - course (anciently marked with lime): ad calcem pervenire: ad carceres a calce revocari, i. e. fr
Read the full source record →
013
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
verbexact historical form
calculate
To determine mathematically or estimate, borrowed from a Latin family built around counting with pebbles.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounexact historical form
calculator
A person or device that calculates, inherited from a medieval human-reckoner word and the Latin counting-pebble family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounexact historical form
calculus
A mathematical system, a method of reasoning, or a bodily stone; borrowed from a Latin word for a pebble used in counting.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗023
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Latin / Indo-European
calx
lime, limestone
- DATE
- Latin antiquity
- MATCH
- exact historical form
- DOSSIERS
- 3
Beyond secure reconstruction
UNKNOWN
No single deeper ancestor is selected for the traditional calx analysis.
- DATE
- before the disputed Latin stone route
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Beyond secure reconstruction
UNKNOWN
No single deeper ancestor is selected beyond the disputed calculus and calx analysis.
- DATE
- before the disputed Latin stone route
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
035
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 3
openproposedposition text
Is calculus securely a diminutive of calx “limestone”?
Not securely. The traditional analysis is morphologically and semantically irregular; an alternative links Latin calculus and Greek stone words through a possible shared substrate source.
openproposedposition text
Does calculator securely descend beyond Latin calculus to calx?
The calculator-to-calculare-to-calculus chain is established, but the traditional calculus-to-calx derivation is proposed. A possible shared Mediterranean substrate source remains a competing route.
openproposedposition text
Is Latin calculus securely a diminutive of calx?
No. Festus accepted the traditional limestone derivation, but the phonology and meanings are problematic. The edge remains proposed.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 2
RANK 185GRADE Aexact revealing root
A calculator was a person before it was a device.
Middle English calkelatour named someone who counted or computed. The machine later inherited the human arithmetic agent's title.
RANK 211GRADE A−exact revealing root
Higher mathematics began with a pebble.
Latin calculus named a counting-board pebble and a calculation. Its deeper stone ancestry is still disputed between a limestone derivation and a possible shared Mediterranean substrate source.
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “calx.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “calx.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.