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6 EVIDENCE COLLECTIONS

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THE GRAPH.

Find a modern word—or search sideways through reconstructed roots, historical forms, meanings, languages, scholars, sources, claims, disputes, and witnesses.

WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT

Imported dictionary evidence

SOURCE-IMPORTED · UNREVIEWED

These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.

35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset

PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL

2 source sections across 2 headwords matching “apud”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.

Open the permanent entry for apud →Open the permanent entry for APUD →
apudEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text

Borrowed from Latin apud (“at, by, in the presence of, in the writings of”).

Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗
APUDEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text

Acronym of amine precursor uptake (and) decarboxylation.

Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗

From Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Extraction source · CC-BY-SA-4.0. Selected source text is reformatted for display; language and section identity are retained.

Source dump: 2026-10-01 · Extraction: 2026-10-30. These dates identify a dump snapshot, not an individual page revision.

Snapshot checksums and coverage
SOURCE SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
CORPUS SHA-256
c4c2a77325141846709230e11c2959332acd630d53e52905b72d36211251b081
IMPORT RUN
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
SUBSET SELECTION
English-only: shortest normalized query first, then binary lexical order; complete word-language and case-variant groups only. This is a bounded online subset, not the full acquired corpus.

INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY

More sources for this spelling

These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.

Lewis’s Elementary Latin Dictionary

1890 American Book Company edition; pinned Perseus XML digitization
Browse the independently attributed sources →
2REVIEWED RESULTS
0WORD DOSSIERS
1HISTORICAL NODES
0SOURCES
0CLAIMS
1WITNESSES
01

MODERN ENTRY POINTS

WORD DOSSIERS

0

No reviewed record in this collection contains “apud.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.

02

ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY

HISTORICAL FORMS

1
●
Mapuche / Mapudungun / Araucanian

pontho / ponchu / pontro

poncho, coarse blanket, or wool blanket

DATE
Mapuche historical lexicography and modern pontro
MATCH
language
DOSSIERS
1
03

WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED

CLAIMS & DISPUTES

0

No reviewed record in this collection contains “apud.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.

04

BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES

SOURCES

0

No reviewed record in this collection contains “apud.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.

05

FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS

ATTESTATION WITNESSES

1
SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record

Cicero, De officiis 1.12.37, as reported in Lewis and Short

hostis / hostis / 44 BCE

hostis — Lewis and Short Latin Dictionarywitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗
06

SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF

EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.

Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.