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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL1 source section across 1 headword matching “Lowe”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
LoweEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
* As an English and Scottish surname, spelling variant of Low. * As a German surname, spelling variant of Löwe, Loewe. * As a Jewish surname/Yiddish surname, from German Löwe (“lion”). * Also as a Jewish surname, Germanized from Levy. * As a French-derived surname, from Old French lou (“wolf”). * As a Norse-derived surname, from Old Norse lágr (“low”) (as in "short"). * As a native English-derived surname, from Old English hlāw (“hill”) (a burial ground in this case). * Also a petname (clipping) of Laurence/Lawrence.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Mayhew–Skeat (1888)
1888; pinned HTML transcription updated October 28, 2024- LoweMiddle English · word_lowe_vb_1
Lowe, v. to approve of, praise, S3.—OF. louer, loër, loder, laudar; Lat. laudare. Cf. Laude.
Read the full source record → - LoweMiddle English · word_lowe_sb
Lowe, sb. flame, Prompt., Cath., PP, WA.—Icel. log. Cf. Leye.
Read the full source record → - LoweMiddle English · word_lowe_adj
Lowe, adj. low, lowly, humble, S, PP; see Louh.
Read the full source record → - LoweMiddle English · word_lowe_vb_2
Lowe, v. refl. to humble oneself, PP, W; lowed, pt. s. stooped, PP.
Read the full source record → - LoweMiddle English · word_lowe_vb_3
Lowe, 2 pt. s. toldest lies, PP; lowen vpon, pp. lied against, PP; see Lyȝen.
Read the full source record →
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MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
verbcontrarian claim
humiliate
To reduce someone in their own or others’ estimation, causing shame or loss of dignity; from Late Latin forms meaning to make low or humble.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
humiliation
The act, state, or instance of humiliating or being humiliated; degradation, disgrace, or shame.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗022
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Present-Day English / Indo-European
humiliate
reduce to a lower position in one’s own or others’ eyes; cause shame or embarrassment
- DATE
- circa 1534–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Late Latin / Indo-European
humiliātiō
action of lowering; abasement; subduing or humbling through mortification
- DATE
- Christian and Late Latin
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
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WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 3
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is bride the same historical word as bird?
No. Bosworth-Toller records brȳd, bride or spouse, separately from brid, the young of a bird; the reviewed bride path follows brȳd.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Could Latin hospes mean both host and guest?
Yes. The reciprocal hospitality relationship allowed the same participant to receive hospitality on one occasion and return it on another.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did humiliation always center disgrace and shame?
No. Christian Latin and historical French include lowering, abasement, mortifying discipline, and self-humbling. Chaucer’s Middle English occurrence appears within a treatment of humility, while current American Heritage definitions center degradation, disgrace, and shame.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 2
RANK 16GRADE Aranked reveal
Humiliation is evidenced in English before humiliate.
Chaucer’s Middle English humiliacioun occurs in a humility passage; Merriam-Webster reports the English verb humiliate only circa 1534. Christian Latin and French preserve lowering, abasement, mortification, and self-humbling before current definitions center degradation, disgrace, and shame.
RANK 135GRADE Aranked reveal
Humiliate is historically to make low.
Late Latin humiliāre means to make low or humble and grows from humilis, low or near the ground, which is formed from humus, earth. Modern shame and loss of dignity sit on that lowering history.
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BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “lowe.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
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FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “lowe.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
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