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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL2 source sections across 1 headword matching “Study”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
studyEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
Inherited from Middle English studien, from Old French estudier (Modern French étudier), from estudie (noun), borrowed from Latin studium. Displaced Old English cneordlæcan.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗studyEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
Inherited from Middle English studie, from Old French estudie (Modern French étude), borrowed from Latin studium (“zeal, dedication, study”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to push, to hit”). Doublet of etude and studio.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →018
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
noun combining formcontrarian claim
-logy
A bound English word element used in formations involving discourse or expression and in names of doctrines, theories, sciences, and fields of study.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗verbdossier summary
etymologize
To discover, formulate, state, or study etymologies; an English verb formed from etymology with -ize.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
etymology
The study of the true or original sense of a word—and of the changes that made it what it is.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
etymon
A technical English noun for an earlier source form, a foreign donor, or a base used in composition or derivation.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
logic
The discipline and practice of valid reasoning, inherited through French and Latin from a Greek family of word, account, speech, and reason.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
prologue
An introductory speech, section, or event; inherited through medieval French and Latin from Greek prologos.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
çay
The Turkish word for tea, ultimately Chinese but analyzed in Turkish scholarship as reaching historical Turkey Turkish through Persian as a bridge language.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
étymologie
The French word for the study or historical explanation of word origins, attested in medieval forms long before its modern scientific scope stabilized.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗024
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Present-Day English / Indo-European
-logy
bound element forming nouns of expression, discourse, doctrine, theory, science, or study
- DATE
- Modern English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
etymologize
discover, formulate, state, or study etymologies
- DATE
- 1532–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
logic
the study or use of valid reasoning
- DATE
- 12th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
French / Indo-European
étymologie
study or explanation of the origin and historical development of words
- DATE
- Modern French record–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
038
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 5
openprobableposition text
Were hazzēn and hazzōn separate unrelated verbs?
That is not established. Dictionaries group both forms under the history of hassen, while corpus-wide scholarship shows that ēn verbs can acquire ōn double forms. The exact relationship for this lexeme still requires token-level paradigm study.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does -logy simply mean “the study of”?
No. Merriam-Webster gives oral or written expression as one sense and doctrine, theory, or science as another; American Heritage separately gives discourse or expression and science, theory, or study. “Study of” is a useful reading in many formations, not a universal historical definition.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did the transitive and intransitive senses appear together?
Not in the reviewed record. Transitive use is reported in the 1530s; Etymonline places the intransitive study-or-practice use in the 1650s.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the -logue in prologue mean a field of study?
No. Greek prologos is pro- “before” plus logos “speech or discourse”: a speech beforehand. English -logy belongs to the same wider family but is not the component analyzed here.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is qajaq related to Turkish kayık because both words mean boat?
No. The specialist philological study reconstructs independent Eskimo and Turkic histories and explicitly rejects genealogical or borrowing scenarios.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 3
RANK 8GRADE Aranked reveal
Etymology calls itself the “true account.”
Greek ἔτυμος “true, real” joined -λογία “account or study”; even that truth-word reaches a reconstructed root.
RANK 17GRADE Acontrarian claim
-logy never simply meant “the study of.”
The bound form’s recorded range includes expression and discourse as well as doctrine, theory, science, and study. Its trail reaches Greek logos—word, speech, account, reckoning, reason—rather than a prehistoric word meaning “science.”
RANK 182GRADE A-ranked reveal
“From Chinese” can be true and still hide the history.
Turkish çay ultimately belongs to the Chinese cha family, but the reviewed Turkish study favors Persian as the bridge into historical Turkey Turkish.
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “study.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “study.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.