From Latin Iūpiter ( “ father Jove ” ) , from Proto-Italic * djous patēr ( literally “ sky father ” ) (cognate with Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ ( Zeû páter , “ father Zeus ” ) ), from * djous ( “ day, sky ” ) + * patēr ( “ father ” ) , from Proto-Indo-European * dyḗws ( literally “ the bright one ” ) , from * dyew- ( “ to be bright, day sky ” ) , and * ph₂tḗr ( “ father ” ) . Doublet of Dyaus Pita .
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From Dutch Jupiter .
Learned borrowing from Latin Iūpiter .
From Middle Dutch jupiter , from Latin Iūpiter .
From Latin Iūpiter .
Learned borrowing from Latin Iūpiter ( “ Jupiter ” ) .
Borrowed from Norwegian Jupiter .
Internationalism , based on Latin Iuppiter ( “ Jupiter, the chief Roman god ” ) , also Iūpiter . The Latin nominative continues an ancient vocative expression combining the name of the sky god with pater ( “ father ” ) , essentially “Father Jove”; compare the oblique stem Iov- , seen in the genitive Iovis .
The name continues Proto-Italic * djous patēr ( “ sky father ” ) , from * djous ( “ day, sky ” ) + * patēr ( “ father ” ) , ultimately from Proto-Indo-European * dyḗws ( “ sky; sky god ” ) and * ph₂tḗr ( “ father ” ) . The first element belongs to the Proto-Indo-European root * dyew- ( “ to be bright; day sky ” ) .
The astronomical sense is transferred from the name of the deity. In the Greco-Roman planetary naming tradition, the planet came to bear the name of Jupiter, the supreme Roman god.
Close cognates of the ancient divine title include Umbrian 𐌉𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌓 ( iupater , “ Jupiter ” ) , Sanskrit द्यौष्पितृ ( dyauṣpitṛ , “ Sky Father ” ) and Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ ( Zeû páter , “ O father Zeus ” ) . The first element also has cognates Hittite 𒅆𒄿𒌑𒍑 , Old Armenian տիւ ( tiw ) , Messapic ζισ ( zis ) and Lithuanian dievas ( “ god ” ) .
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