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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
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35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL1 source section across 1 headword matching “City”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
cityEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-der. Proto-Italic *keiwis Latin ceivis Latin -tās Latin ceivitās Late Latin cīvitātem (city) Old French citetbor. Middle English cite English city Inherited from Middle English cite, derived from Old French cite, derived from Late Latin cīvitātem (“city”), in Classical Latin "citizenry", derived from cīvis (“fellow-citizen”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“lie down; settle”). Cognate with Old English hīwan pl (“members of one's household, servants”). See hewe. Doublet of civitas. Mostly displaced native Old English burg, whence Modern English borough.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
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MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
noundossier summary
intellect
The power or capacity of knowing and reasoning, inherited from Latin intellectus and intellegere.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
intelligence
Capacity for understanding, information, or the organizations that gather it; inherited through French from Latin intelligentia.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjectivedossier summary
intelligent
Having or showing understanding, judgment, or mental capacity; borrowed from the Latin participle of intellegere.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗023
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
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Present-Day English / Indo-European
intellect
the power or capacity of knowing, reasoning, or understanding
- DATE
- 14th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
intelligence
capacity to understand; information; an information service
- DATE
- 14th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
intelligent
having or showing understanding, judgment, or mental capacity; later also computer-guided
- DATE
- circa 1540–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
030
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “city.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “city.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
051
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
06
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