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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL1 source section across 1 headword matching “Circa”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
circaEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der. Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor. Latin circus Latin circum Latin circālbor. English circa Learned borrowing from Latin circā.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →011
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
020
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “circa.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
037
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 6
openprobableposition text
What is the earliest secure English humility witness?
Merriam-Webster reports the fourteenth century broadly. The Middle English Dictionary supplies a circa-1390 Chaucer citation with humylitee, but this review did not inspect its underlying manuscript witness, and the located citation does not prove that no earlier English occurrence survives.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was conscious shortened from English consciousness?
No. The reviewed etymologies derive the adjective directly from Latin cōnscius, and Merriam-Webster reports the adjective circa 1600.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Do the 901–1000 labels identify surviving tenth-century manuscript objects?
No. ONW pairs those language-period dates with much later copy labels, including 1595–1605, circa 1598, and 1701–1800.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the Munich manuscript date prove an 875 first use?
No. The manuscript is cataloged to the second half of the ninth century, while the Heliand work is dated circa 830–840. The numeric 875 is only a representative object date for timeline placement.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was English humiliation formed from the English verb humiliate?
The documented chronology points the other way: Middle English humiliacioun is evidenced in Chaucer, whereas Merriam-Webster reports the English verb humiliate only circa 1534. Both English words descend through the Latin humilis family; the noun is not modeled as a modern English derivative of the later-attested verb.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are the 901–1000 Wachtendonck Psalms forms directly inspected tenth-century manuscript tokens?
No. ONW labels the records with much later copy dates, including 1595–1605 and circa 1598. This review inspected the lexical corpus record, not an original tenth-century object.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 1
RANK 16GRADE Aranked reveal
Humiliation is evidenced in English before humiliate.
Chaucer’s Middle English humiliacioun occurs in a humility passage; Merriam-Webster reports the English verb humiliate only circa 1534. Christian Latin and French preserve lowering, abasement, mortification, and self-humbling before current definitions center degradation, disgrace, and shame.
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BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “circa.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
051
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
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