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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCALNo exact match for “Another” in this partial English subset. That does not mean the full research corpus—or linguistic scholarship—has no record. Check the original dictionary entry ↗
INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →Another
No extractable etymology was found for this exact spelling. Open the original dictionary entry ↗
Read the complete entry and references ↗ · Contribute a cited dossier
015
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
nounhistorical form
adverb
A grammatical class commonly modifying verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, phrases, clauses, or sentences; the English term continues Latin adverbium.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
conscience
The moral sense or awareness of one's conduct, inherited through medieval French from the Latin knowing-family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjective · nouncontrarian claim
conscious
Aware, awake, or deliberate; borrowed directly from Latin conscius in the knowing-family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗Swedish common-gender nouncontrarian claim
fiende
The ordinary Swedish noun for an enemy, opponent, hostile state, or figurative threat continues Old Swedish fiande or fiände and an inherited Germanic present-participial formation: literally the hating one. Svenska Akademiens current dictionary calls the word Common Germanic and gives the original force hatande; SAOB and Hellquist independently derive the noun from the fi(j)- hate verb behind Gothic fijan and Old Norse fjá. Modern Swedish hata belongs to a separate Germanic hat- family, so fiende is not transparently built from the verb Swedish speakers now use for hate. Historical Swedish also used Fienden for the Devil, but that branch is not the word’s only or current central meaning. All medieval and early-modern examples here are source-reported lexical records, not directly inspected manuscript objects.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗German weak verbdossier summary
hetzen
A German weak verb whose modern senses range from driving or hunting quarry, through hurrying, to inciting hostility. The medieval record centers on setting dogs after game and already extends the action to turning people against one another. Comparative sources connect the verb with Old English hettan and Gothic hatjan, but the Old High German bridge and the exact prehistoric formation remain editorially disputed.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗024
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Latin / Indo-European
adverbium
adverb; a word attached to another word or predicate
- DATE
- Latin grammatical tradition
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Latin / Indo-European
cōnscius
knowing or aware; also knowing something along with another person
- DATE
- Latin antiquity
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Latin / Indo-European
cōnscīre
to know with another, be mutually aware, or be conscious of
- DATE
- Latin antiquity
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Early New High German / Indo-European
hetzen / hessen / hittzen
hunt with dogs; drive; set people against one another
- DATE
- Early New High German
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
0318
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 10
openproposedposition text
Did love develop into hate, hate into love, or both from another meaning?
No reviewed source establishes one direction. The citations show an opposition; they do not date a semantic transition.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does -logy simply mean “the study of”?
No. Merriam-Webster gives oral or written expression as one sense and doctrine, theory, or science as another; American Heritage separately gives discourse or expression and science, theory, or study. “Study of” is a useful reading in many formations, not a universal historical definition.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are bridegroom and human directly descended from one another?
No. Germanic *gumōn- and Latin homō reflect different earthling formations that meet only at *dhghem-.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is emoticon another name or etymology for emoji?
No. Emoticon is English emotion plus icon. Emoji is Japanese e “picture” plus moji “character.” They can depict overlapping things without sharing a word formation.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was Middle English fẹ̄nd borrowed anew from another language?
No borrowing is established. OED and the Middle English Dictionary both derive the medieval forms from Old English fēond or fīond.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is fjándi simply another finite form of fjá?
No. Cleasby identifies fjándi as the surviving participial relative, and the separate ONP dossier classifies it as a masculine noun with 222 prose citations.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did the Scandinavian cognates preserve exactly the English companion sense?
No. OED says the Scandinavian words center the sense relative, while their ordinary friend sense is expressed by another word family.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Could Latin hospes mean both host and guest?
Yes. The reciprocal hospitality relationship allowed the same participant to receive hospitality on one occasion and return it on another.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the -logue in prologue mean a field of study?
No. Greek prologos is pro- “before” plus logos “speech or discourse”: a speech beforehand. English -logy belongs to the same wider family but is not the component analyzed here.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is select descended from English lecture or lesson?
No. The English words are cousins. Select comes from Latin selectus and seligere; lecture and lesson take other Latin formations that independently reach legere.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 8
RANK 1GRADE Aranked reveal
A stranger became both guest and enemy.
The reciprocal outsider behind guest and host also became Latin hostis, “enemy.”
RANK 28GRADE Aranked reveal
German hostile agitation still carries a hound’s chase.
The medieval verb drives dogs after quarry. The same directed-force construction is soon applied to people: Middle High German records set people against one another, and Early New High German polemic sets rulers against Christians. Modern political hetzen is therefore not merely “hate” verbalized; it inherits a grammar of making another actor pursue, pressure, or attack.
RANK 45GRADE Aranked reveal
One Gothic anger verb survives in one question—and not in its dictionary form.
Project Wulfila’s complete current inventory contains one hatizōn token: hatizoþ in John 7:23, “are you angry at me?” Codex Argenteus folio 94v directly preserves the inflection. The manuscript never writes the normalized infinitive or its editorial macron. Grammar then reveals another layer: hatizōn is a class-II verb built from the consonantal stem hatiz- of hatis “hatred” or “wrath.” One English gloss therefore hides a noun-to-verb formation, one surviving grammatical person, and a sharp boundary between pixels and reconstruction.
RANK 76GRADE Aranked reveal
The perfect-looking boat cognate is false.
Greenlandic qajaq and Turkish kayık resemble one another and name similar craft, but their documented prehistories separate into Proto-Eskimo and Old Turkic.
RANK 94GRADE Acontrarian claim
Chai is tea returning through another route.
The source-language forms behind English chai ordinarily mean tea. English specialized one returning member of the wider Chinese tea-word dispersal as a particular drink style.
RANK 142GRADE Acontrarian claim
Conscious began as knowing—including knowing with another.
Latin cōnscius could describe awareness or knowledge shared with another person. English later centered the word on private awareness, wakefulness, and deliberate action.
RANK 146GRADE Aranked reveal
The k in kapu is a fossilized sound change.
Hawaiian kapu and Māori tapu are not misspellings of one another: Hawaiian regularly changed inherited *t toward k while preserving the sacred and prohibited semantic field.
RANK 202GRADE Branked reveal
Boy may reach ox—but only through a disputed trail.
One proposal runs from a fettered person through a shackle, restraint collar, ox hide, and ox; another major reference says the origin is unknown.
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “another.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
052
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
John Harris’s FEE-FARM entry uses Legal to mark the specifically legal sense of the term.
legal / legal / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and scienceswitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Rushworth Gospels, relatives rise against one another
frēond / frēond / Old English, source-reported
Oxford English Dictionary — friend, n. & adj.reporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.