*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

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NODE / 0311attestedPresent-Day English

sauna

PRONUNCIATION /ˈsɔːnə/

a Finnish-style steam bath or the room in which it is taken

DATE
1881–today
SENSE
steam bath
FAMILY
Indo-European / Germanic
CANONICAL KEY
node:1:sauna:attested:sense:steam-bath

Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1881 and direct borrowing from Finnish.

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ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

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GO DEEPERborrowingestablished
Finnish · Finnish · bath building

sauna

sauna; bathhouse

SOUND
Finnish sauna entered English with only modest adaptation to English pronunciation.
MEANING
The Finnish bath and bathhouse word retained its central referent in English.
CHRONOLOGY
English first known use is reported as 1881.
SCHOLAR
Merriam-Webster Editors
CONFIDENCE
established — Merriam-Webster explicitly gives Finnish as the source language.
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DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

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No reviewed descendants currently reuse this node. Absence describes the graph, not the entire history of the form.

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TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

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This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
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REVIEWED EDGES
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DEEPEST PATH
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MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
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No downstream edge has cleared review for this node. This is a graph-coverage statement, not a claim that the historical form produced nothing.

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

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RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

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EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

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