*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

TRACE A WORD ↗
NODE / 0113attestedPresent-Day English

robot

an artificial worker; later an automatic or programmable machine

DATE
1922–today
SENSE
default
FAMILY
Indo-European / Germanic
CANONICAL KEY
node:1:robot:attested
01

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

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GO DEEPERcreative coinageestablished
Czech · Czech historical vocabulary

robota

compulsory labor, corvée, drudgery

SOUND
Josef Čapek suggested robot from Czech robota; English received the coined form through Karel Čapek's R.U.R. and its translation.
MEANING
Compulsory human labor was reassigned to artificial workers, then generalized to automatic machines.
CHRONOLOGY
R.U.R. appeared in 1920; English first known use is 1922.
SCHOLAR
Merriam-Webster editors
CONFIDENCE
established
02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

0

No reviewed descendants currently reuse this node. Absence describes the graph, not the entire history of the form.

03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

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This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
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REVIEWED EDGES
0
DEEPEST PATH
0
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
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No downstream edge has cleared review for this node. This is a graph-coverage statement, not a claim that the historical form produced nothing.

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

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SOURCE-REPORTEDlexicographic first useestablished

English lexicographic first-use record

Source-reported first-use date; no underlying quotation or facsimile was directly inspected for this record.

robot dossier · recorded as robot
05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

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