NODE / 1065attestedProto-West Germanic

kunni

TRANSLITERATION kunni

kin or lineage form

DATE: Runic West Germanic, probably fourth or fifth century
SENSE: runic kin witness
FAMILY: Indo-European / West Germanic
CANONICAL KEY: node:4:kunni:attested:sense:runic-kin-witness

Graph-only attested collateral form: Fulk identifies Runic kunni on a Weser rune-bone as evidence for West Germanic gemination and equates it with Old English cynn. It is not placed on the direct English spine.

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

GO DEEPERinheritanceestablished

Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · kin lineage base

*kunja-

lineage, family, kin, descent, or people

SOUND: Runic kunni displays West Germanic n-gemination before the historical j of *kunja- and a reduced final vowel.
MEANING: The attested form remains in the kin, lineage, and generation field.
CHRONOLOGY: Probably fourth or fifth century, with the wider change dated less precisely.
SCHOLAR: R. D. Fulk · Elżbieta Adamczyk
CONFIDENCE: established — The runic form is collateral evidence for the sound development, not the direct parent of Old English cynn.

A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic LanguagessupportsSection 6.15, p. 128; PDF p. 144

Identifies Runic kunni as a fourth- or fifth-century witness to West Germanic gemination and equates it with Old English cynn.

ORIGINAL ↗

Old English Reflexes of Sievers’ LawcontextStudia Anglica Posnaniensia 36, pp. 64–65

Prints the parallel *kunjan > *kunnjan stage that explains the runic doubled consonant.

ORIGINAL ↗

OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 1060 ↗

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

No reviewed descendants currently reuse this node. Absence describes the graph, not the entire history of the form.

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES: 0
REVIEWED EDGES: 0
DEEPEST PATH: 0
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED: 0

No downstream edge has cleared review for this node. This is a graph-coverage statement, not a claim that the historical form produced nothing.

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.

The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.

EDITORIAL REUSE