Lewis’s Elementary Latin Dictionary

asper

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This edition’s origin note

ab + spes

Original source wording, not an independently verified *SET-U conclusion.

The complete extracted entry

n1433

Historical source text, not a reviewed *SET-U analysis. Claims and terminology belong to this edition.

asper era, erum (poet., abl plur. aspris, V.), adj. with comp. and sup. Source etymology: ab + spes , without hope, adverse, calamitous, troublesome, cruel, perilous: tempora: oppugnatio, Cs.: mala res, spes multo asperior, S.: venatus, V.: fata, V. — As subst: aspera multa pertulit, hardships, H. — Of nature and character, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, cruel: homo naturā: Iuno, V.: iuvenis monitoribus, H.: asperrimi ad condicionem pacis, L.: rebus non asper egenis, V.: cladibus asper, exasperated, O.: doctrina asperior: fores, i. e. of a cruel mistress, H.: Asperior tribulis (Galatea). more unfeeling, O. — Wild, savage, fierce: (anguis) siti, V.: tactu leo, H.: facetiae.—Of climate, harsh, severe: caelo Germania, Ta.: hiemps, S.: asperrimo hiemis, in the depth, Ta. — Of style, harsh: oratio. — Rough, uneven: regio: loca, Cs.: rura dumis, V.: rubus, prickly, V.: aequora ventis, H.: pocula signis, i. e. wrought in relief, V.: frons cornu, O.: capilli (i. e. hirsuti), H.: maria, stormy, V.: vinum, harsh, T.: pronuntiationis genus, rough: littera, i. e. the letter r, O.

Source locator viaf2845558.viaf001.xml entry n1433 (source key asper), lines 4377–4377

This entry-text adaptation is available under CC BY-SA 4.0. Credit: Charlton T. Lewis · Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, Perseus Digital Library. Changes: XML parsing, plain-text formatting and navigation. Original edition and digitization · Offer a source correction ↗

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Historical 1890 Latin dictionary, digitized by the Perseus Digital Library; not a current scholarly consensus or a newly reviewed SET-U analysis.
Explicit source etymology notes retain the dictionary's original claims and abbreviations. They are not asserted parent links, and not every entry supplies an origin.
Greek quotations in this particular source artifact use legacy Beta Code, preserved verbatim rather than silently converted into Greek Unicode.
The source's rare unresolved legacy entity tokens &acutemacr; and &cj; are retained literally. The original raw XML remains the authoritative transcription.
English glosses, cited examples and roots do not alone determine a word's contextual meaning. Missing ancestors in this source do not establish the limit of human knowledge.

An old root, gloss or concordance number does not determine the meaning of every later use. A word’s origin and its modern meaning are different questions.

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Edition, rights and traceability

An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1890) — Perseus Digital Library
Charlton T. Lewis · Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University
1890 American Book Company edition; pinned Perseus XML digitization

CC-BY-SA-4.0 ↗ · Perseus digitized text and SET-U's parsed/reformatted source records, shared under CC BY-SA 4.0; no claim over unrelated SET-U material

Charlton T. Lewis, An Elementary Latin Dictionary (New York, Cincinnati and Chicago: American Book Company, 1890). Digital text: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/), gift in the name of Carol F. Ross. Source: https://github.com/PerseusDL/lexica/blob/1c34cdf756c63cf37db61bd366d733431dbd7aa0/CTS_XML_TEI/perseus/pdllex/lat/viaf2845558/viaf001/viaf2845558.viaf001.xml. SET-U removes XML presentation markup, decodes known character entities, adds paragraph/etymology labels, and preserves source Greek Beta Code and unresolved legacy tokens. These reformatted records are available under CC BY-SA 4.0, without additional restrictions or warranty. No textual corrections have been made; any future corrections must be offered to Perseus. No endorsement is implied.

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Machine-source audit fields

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Records SHA-256: 943b6b0021062807c10794529aea7016be060527c60210a657194ebeafb05a30
Published snapshot: 08459e3f19dbdebdebf2441365ddd2b30b0cd5e6290cdc5a8e57114df35287cc
Acquired: 2026-11-05T10:53:40.008Z · acquisition date, not first attestation
Parser: perseus-lewis-elementary-1

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