Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗A bar or frame by which two oxen or other draught animals are joined at their necks enabling them to pull a cart, plough, etc.; two draught animals connected by such a yoke; (by extension) a device attached to a single draught animal for the same purpose. · Any of various linking or supporting objects that resembles a yoke (sense 1.1); a crosspiece, a curved bar, etc. · A pole carried on the neck and shoulders of a person, used for carrying a pair of buckets, etc., one at each end of the pole; a carrying pole. · Any of various devices with crosspieces used to control an aircraft; specifically, the control column.
From Middle English iuc, jok, yok, yoke, ȝok, ȝook, from Old English ġeoc, ġioc, ioc (“yoke”), from Proto-West Germanic *juk, from Proto-Germanic *juką (“yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (“yoke”), from *yewg- (“to join, yoke”). Doublet of yuga, jugum, yoga and possibly yogh. Senses 3.1 (“area of arable land”) and 3.2 (“amount of work done with draught animals”) probably referred to the area of land that could generally be ploughed by yoked draught animals within a given time. Cognates Cognate with Saterland Frisian Juk (“yoke”), Cimbrian jòch (“yoke”), Dutch juk (“yoke; burden”), German Joch (“yoke”), Luxembourgish Jach (“yoke”), Danish åg (“yoke”), Faroese, Icelandic, and Swedish ok (“yoke”), Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk åk (“yoke”), Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌺 (juk, “yoked pair of animals”); also Breton yev (“yoke”), Irish and Scottish Gaelic cuing (“yoke; bond, tie”), Manx quing (“yoke”), Welsh iau (“yoke”), Latin iugum, jugum (“yoke”), Greek ζυγός (zygós, “even; twin”), Latvian jūgs (“yoke; bondage; cart”), Lithuanian jungas (“yoke”), Bulgarian и́го (ígo), юго (jugo, “yoke”), Czech jho (“yoke”), Kashubian jigò, jugò (“yoke”), Macedonian иго (igo, “yoke”), Polabian jaiďü (“yoke”), Russian и́го (ígo, “yoke”), Serbo-Croatian и́го, ígo (“yoke”), Slovene igo (“yoke”), Ukrainian і́го (ího, “yoke”), Armenian լուծ (luc, “harness, yoke”), Persian یوغ (yuġ, “yoke”), Hittite 𒄿𒌑𒃷 (yukan, “yoke”), Tocharian A yokäm (“door”), Sanskrit युग (yuga, “yoke; brace; couple, pair”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*yewg-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentioniucenm
- Inherited-form mentionġeocang
- Inherited-form mention*jukgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*jukągem-pro · yoke
- Inherited-form mention*yugómine-pro · yoke
- Doublet mentionyugaen
- Cognate mentionJukstq · yoke
- Cognate mentionjòchcim · yoke
- Cognate mentionjuknl · yoke; burden
- Cognate mentionJochde · yoke
- Cognate mentionJachlb · yoke
- Cognate mentionågda · yoke
- Cognate mention𐌾𐌿𐌺got · yoked pair of animals
- Cognate mentionyevbr · yoke
- Cognate mentionquinggv · yoke
- Cognate mentioniaucy · yoke
- Cognate mentioniugumla
- Cognate mentionζυγόςel · even; twin
- Cognate mentionjūgslv · yoke; bondage; cart
- Cognate mentionjungaslt · yoke
- Cognate mentionи́гоbg
- Cognate mentionjhocs · yoke
- Cognate mentionjigòcsb
- Cognate mentionигоmk · yoke
- Cognate mentionjaiďüpox · yoke
- Cognate mentionи́гоru · yoke
- Cognate mentionи́гоsh
- Cognate mentionigosl · yoke
- Cognate mentionі́гоuk · yoke
- Cognate mentionլուծhy · harness, yoke
- Cognate mentionیوغfa · yoke
- Cognate mention𒄿𒌑𒃷hit · yoke
- Cognate mentionyokämxto · door
- Cognate mentionयुगsa · yoke; brace; couple, pair
This page abbreviates 22 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yewg-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "iuc"
},
"expansion": "Middle English iuc"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġeoc"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġeoc"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*juk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *juk"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*juką",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *juką (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yugóm",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yuga"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of yuga"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Juk",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Juk (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "jòch",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian jòch (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "juk",
"t": "yoke; burden"
},
"expansion": "Dutch juk (“yoke; burden”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Joch",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "German Joch (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Jach",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Jach (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "åg",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Danish åg (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo,is,sv",
"2": "ok",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Faroese, Icelandic, and Swedish ok (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb,nn",
"2": "åk",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk åk (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌿𐌺",
"t": "yoked pair of animals"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌺 (juk, “yoked pair of animals”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "yev",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Breton yev (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga,gd",
"2": "cuing",
"t": "yoke; bond, tie"
},
"expansion": "Irish and Scottish Gaelic cuing (“yoke; bond, tie”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "quing",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Manx quing (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "iau",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Welsh iau (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iugum"
},
"expansion": "Latin iugum"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "ζυγός",
"t": "even; twin"
},
"expansion": "Greek ζυγός (zygós, “even; twin”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "jūgs",
"t": "yoke; bondage; cart"
},
"expansion": "Latvian jūgs (“yoke; bondage; cart”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "jungas",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian jungas (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "и́го"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian и́го (ígo)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "jho",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Czech jho (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "jigò"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian jigò"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "иго",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian иго (igo, “yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "jaiďü",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Polabian jaiďü (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "и́го",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Russian и́го (ígo, “yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "и́го"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian и́го"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "igo",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Slovene igo (“yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "і́го",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian і́го (ího, “yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "լուծ",
"t": "harness, yoke"
},
"expansion": "Armenian լուծ (luc, “harness, yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "یوغ",
"tr": "yuġ",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Persian یوغ (yuġ, “yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄿𒌑𒃷",
"tr": "yukan",
"t": "yoke"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒄿𒌑𒃷 (yukan, “yoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "yokäm",
"t": "door"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A yokäm (“door”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "युग",
"t": "yoke; brace; couple, pair"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit युग (yuga, “yoke; brace; couple, pair”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"iuc",
"iuc#Middle_English"
],
[
"jok",
"jok#Middle_English"
],
[
"yok",
"yok#Middle_English"
],
[
"yoke",
"yoke#Middle_English"
],
[
"ȝok",
"ȝok#Middle_English"
],
[
"ȝook",
"ȝook#Middle_English"
],
[
"ġeoc",
"geoc#Old_English"
],
[
"ġioc",
"gioc#Old_English"
],
[
"ioc",
"ioc#Old_English"
],
[
"*juk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/juk"
],
[
"*juką",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/juką"
],
[
"*yugóm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yugóm"
],
[
"*yewg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yewg-"
],
[
"yuga",
"yuga#English"
],
[
"jugum",
"jugum"
],
[
"yoga",
"yoga"
],
[
"yogh",
"yogh"
],
[
"Juk",
"Juk#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"jòch",
"jòch#Cimbrian"
],
[
"juk",
"juk#Dutch"
],
[
"Joch",
"Joch#German"
],
[
"Jach",
"Jach#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"åg",
"åg#Danish"
],
[
"Faroese",
"ok#Faroese"
],
[
"Icelandic",
"ok#Icelandic"
],
[
"ok",
"ok#Swedish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"åk#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"åk",
"åk#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"𐌾𐌿𐌺",
"𐌾𐌿𐌺#Gothic"
],
[
"yev",
"yev#Breton"
],
[
"Irish",
"cuing#Irish"
],
[
"cuing",
"cuing#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"quing",
"quing#Manx"
],
[
"iau",
"iau#Welsh"
],
[
"iugum",
"iugum#Latin"
],
[
"jugum",
"jugum#Latin"
],
[
"ζυγός",
"ζυγός#Greek"
],
[
"jūgs",
"jūgs#Latvian"
],
[
"jungas",
"jungas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"и́го",
"иго#Bulgarian"
],
[
"юго",
"юго#Bulgarian"
],
[
"jho",
"jho#Czech"
],
[
"jigò",
"jigò#Kashubian"
],
[
"jugò",
"jugò#Kashubian"
],
[
"иго",
"иго#Macedonian"
],
[
"jaiďü",
"jaiďü#Polabian"
],
[
"и́го",
"иго#Russian"
],
[
"и́го",
"иго#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"ígo",
"igo#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"igo",
"igo#Slovene"
],
[
"і́го",
"іго#Ukrainian"
],
[
"լուծ",
"լուծ#Armenian"
],
[
"یوغ",
"یوغ#Persian"
],
[
"𒄿𒌑𒃷",
"𒄿𒌑𒃷#Hittite"
],
[
"yokäm",
"yokäm#Tocharian_A"
],
[
"युग",
"युग#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A bar or frame by which two oxen or other draught animals are joined at their necks enabling them to pull a cart, plough, etc.; two draught animals connected by such a yoke; (by extension) a device attached to a single draught animal for the same purpose.",
"Any of various linking or supporting objects that resembles a yoke (sense 1.1); a crosspiece, a curved bar, etc.",
"A pole carried on the neck and shoulders of a person, used for carrying a pair of buckets, etc., one at each end of the pole; a carrying pole.",
"Any of various devices with crosspieces used to control an aircraft; specifically, the control column."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "3b29bf4b2ef376e41a59217d2167c84c08bfe287d34921655b62aca4d33e4984",
"rawRecordSha256": "4e6c557d6287137d17b00252e8679a2a8d8fff612f4c11783b2e2ba0eaa103a5",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 234630
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 22,
"glosses": 0
}
}