Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA submicroscopic, non-cellular structure that consists of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and that sometimes causes disease in the host organism (such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms). · A species thereof. · An individual particle thereof: synonym of virion. · A quantity of such infectious agents, considered en masse.
PIE word *wisós Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *weys- Proto-Indo-European *wisós Proto-Italic *weizos Latin vīrusbor. Middle English virus English virus From Middle English virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). First use in the computer context by David Gerrold in his 1972 book When HARLIE Was One.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
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"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro"
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"1": "ine-pro"
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European"
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{
"name": "word",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine",
"3": "wisós",
"id": ""
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"name": "PIE word",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wisós"
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"expansion": "PIE word\n *wisós"
},
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:virus<ety:bor<la:vīrus>>",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weys-\nProto-Indo-European *wisós\nProto-Italic *weizos\nLatin vīrusbor.\nMiddle English virus\nEnglish virus\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"poison\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"poison\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"flow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*weys-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wisós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*weizos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vīrus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"virus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"virus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"virus\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "virus"
},
"expansion": "Middle English virus"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vīrus",
"4": "",
"5": "poison, slime, venom"
},
"expansion": "Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*weizos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *weizos"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wisós",
"4": "",
"5": "fluidity, slime, poison"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”)"
},
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"name": "ety",
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"1": "en",
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"3": "enm:virus<ety:bor<la:vīrus>>",
"tree": "1"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weys-\nProto-Indo-European *wisós\nProto-Italic *weizos\nLatin vīrusbor.\nMiddle English virus\nEnglish virus"
}
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"links": [
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"*wisós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wisós"
],
[
"*weys-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weys-#Proto-Indo-European:_flow"
],
[
"*wisós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wisós#Proto-Indo-European:_poison"
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[
"*weizos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/weizos#Proto-Italic:_poison"
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[
"vīrus",
"virus#Latin"
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[
"virus",
"virus#Middle_English"
],
[
"virus",
"virus#Middle_English"
],
[
"vīrus",
"virus#Latin"
],
[
"rhotacism",
"rhotacism"
],
[
"*weizos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/weizos"
],
[
"*wisós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wisós"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Amharic",
"lang_code": "am",
"word": "ቫይረስ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "vayräs"
},
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"word": "ভাইরাস",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "bhairaś"
},
{
"lang": "Burmese",
"lang_code": "my",
"word": "ဗိုင်းရပ်စ်",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "buing:rapc"
},
{
"lang": "Dhivehi",
"lang_code": "dv",
"word": "ވައިރަސް",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "vairas"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "バイラス",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Kannada",
"lang_code": "kn",
"word": "ವೈರಸ್",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "vairas"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "바이러스",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "baireoseu"
},
{
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"word": "ໄວຣັສ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "wai ras"
},
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"word": "virus",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"word": "വൈറസ്",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "vaiṟasŭ"
},
{
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"word": "vajrus",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang_code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gurmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"word": "ਵਾਇਰਸ",
"roman": "vāiras"
},
{
"lang": "Shahmukhi script",
"lang_code": "pa",
"word": "وائرس",
"roman": "vā'irs"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"lang_code": "si",
"word": "වෛරස",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "wairasa"
},
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"word": "virus",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"word": "వైరస్",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "vairas"
},
{
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"word": "ไวรัส",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "wai-rát"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"word": "وائرس",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "feirws",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure that consists of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and that sometimes causes disease in the host organism (such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms).",
"A species thereof.",
"An individual particle thereof: synonym of virion.",
"A quantity of such infectious agents, considered en masse."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 196552
}
],
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