*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of vigil

From Middle English vigile (“a devotional watching”), from Old French vigile, from Latin vigilia (“wakefulness, watch”), from vigil (“awake”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). Doublet of Wi

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

An instance of keeping awake during normal sleeping hours, especially to keep watch or pray. · A period of observation or surveillance at any hour. · The eve of a religious festival in which staying awake is part of the ritual devotions. · A quiet demonstration in support of a cause.

verb

To participate in a vigil.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English vigile (“a devotional watching”), from Old French vigile, from Latin vigilia (“wakefulness, watch”), from vigil (“awake”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). Doublet of Wigilia. See also wake and vigor, from the same root.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weǵ-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "vigile",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a devotional watching"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English vigile (“a devotional watching”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vigile"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vigile"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vigilia",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wakefulness, watch"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vigilia (“wakefulness, watch”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weǵ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be strong, lively, awake"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Wigilia"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of Wigilia"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "vigile",
      "vigile#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "vigile",
      "vigile#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "vigilia",
      "vigilia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "vigil",
      "vigil#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*weǵ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weǵ-"
    ],
    [
      "Wigilia",
      "Wigilia#English"
    ],
    [
      "wake",
      "wake#English"
    ],
    [
      "vigor",
      "vigor#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "An instance of keeping awake during normal sleeping hours, especially to keep watch or pray.",
        "A period of observation or surveillance at any hour.",
        "The eve of a religious festival in which staying awake is part of the ritual devotions.",
        "A quiet demonstration in support of a cause."
      ],
      "tags": [],
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 294328
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To participate in a vigil."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "f5858fbda4eb8c9d3533bef7451f311e5b10f1359aa87b1512bd89d2202bf2c3",
      "rawRecordSha256": "d560f9a8633343a9d197f1f65af3564c502d956b39853c962bc472c95f885cfe",
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    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
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    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for vigil →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-dmlnaWw