Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA clear distilled alcoholic liquor made from grain mash. · A serving of the above beverage. · Neutral spirits distilled (or treated after distillation) so as to have no distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color. · A Russian.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *wed- Proto-Indo-European *-r̥ Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ Proto-Balto-Slavic *wandō Proto-Slavic *voda Old East Slavic вода (voda) Russian вода́ (vodá) Proto-Indo-European *-keh₂ Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀder. Proto-Slavic *-ъka Old East Slavic -ъка (-ŭka) ▲ Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀder. Proto-Slavic *-ьka Old East Slavic -ька (-ĭka) blend Russian -ка (-ka) Russian во́дка (vódka)bor. English vodka Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka), from вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -ка (-ka, “-let: forming diminutives”). The archaic Russian name for vodka was хле́бное вино́ (xlébnoje vinó, “grain wine”); V. Pokhlyobkin's research suggests the present name derived from expressions concerning the dilution of the initial pure distilled spirit such as "vodka of grain wine". Cognates include Sanskrit उदक (udaka), Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) → English hydro-, English whisky and English water.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "ru:во́дка",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Balto-Slavic *wandō\nProto-Slavic *voda\nOld East Slavic вода (voda)\nRussian вода́ (vodá)\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀder.\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld East Slavic -ъка (-ŭka)\n▲\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀder.\nProto-Slavic *-ьka\nOld East Slavic -ька (-ĭka)\nblend\nRussian -ка (-ka)\nRussian во́дка (vódka)bor.\nEnglish vodka\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"water\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wed-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"mass nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r̥\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wódr̥\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*wandō\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*voda\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old East Slavic\", \"term\" : \"вода\", \"lang\" : \"orv\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Russian\", \"term\" : \"вода́\", \"lang\" : \"ru\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"blend\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъka\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old East Slavic\", \"term\" : \"-ъка\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"orv\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\", \"2\" : \":inherited\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:*-kos<alt:*-keh₂><id:adjectives>\", \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"status\" : \"inline\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьka\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old East Slavic\", \"term\" : \"-ька\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"orv\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Blend of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"blend\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Russian\", \"term\" : \"-ка\", \"lang\" : \"ru\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Russian\", \"term\" : \"во́дка\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ru\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"vodka\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"vodka\">"
},
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "во́дка"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उदक"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit उदक (udaka)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕδωρ",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hydro-"
},
"expansion": "English hydro-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "whisky"
},
"expansion": "English whisky"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "water"
},
"expansion": "English water"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "ru:во́дка",
"tree": "1"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Balto-Slavic *wandō\nProto-Slavic *voda\nOld East Slavic вода (voda)\nRussian вода́ (vodá)\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀder.\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld East Slavic -ъка (-ŭka)\n▲\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀder.\nProto-Slavic *-ьka\nOld East Slavic -ька (-ĭka)\nblend\nRussian -ка (-ka)\nRussian во́дка (vódka)bor.\nEnglish vodka"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*wed-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wed-#Proto-Indo-European:_water"
],
[
"*-r̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r̥#Proto-Indo-European:_mass_nouns"
],
[
"*wódr̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wódr̥#Proto-Indo-European:_water"
],
[
"*wandō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/wandō#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_water"
],
[
"*voda",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/voda#Proto-Slavic:_water"
],
[
"вода",
"вода#Old_East_Slavic:_water"
],
[
"вода́",
"вода#Russian:_water"
],
[
"*-keh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-kāˀ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-kāˀ#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_suffix"
],
[
"*-ъka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъka"
],
[
"-ъка",
"-ъка#Old_East_Slavic"
],
[
"*-kāˀ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-kāˀ#Proto-Balto-Slavic:_suffix"
],
[
"*-ьka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьka"
],
[
"-ька",
"-ька#Old_East_Slavic"
],
[
"-ка",
"-ка#Russian:_nominal"
],
[
"во́дка",
"водка#Russian"
],
[
"во́дка",
"водка#Russian"
],
[
"вода́",
"вода#Russian"
],
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"-ка",
"-ка#Russian"
],
[
"-let",
"-let"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive"
],
[
"хле́бное вино́",
"хлебное вино#Russian"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"wine",
"wine"
],
[
"उदक",
"उदक#Sanskrit"
],
[
"ὕδωρ",
"ὕδωρ#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"hydro-",
"hydro-#English"
],
[
"whisky",
"whisky#English"
],
[
"water",
"water#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"word": "bodka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "fodca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A clear distilled alcoholic liquor made from grain mash.",
"A serving of the above beverage.",
"Neutral spirits distilled (or treated after distillation) so as to have no distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color.",
"A Russian."
],
"tags": [
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"uncountable",
"ethnic",
"slang",
"slur"
],
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