Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗The relationship between the speaker and some other unspecified person.
Designates the speaker(s)/writer(s) as constituting or belonging to the stated category of people (objective case). · Designates the speaker(s)/writer(s) as constituting or belonging to the stated category of people (subjective case). · Our.
Me and at least one other person, excluding the person(s) being addressed. (exclusive us.) · Me and at least one other person, including the person(s) being addressed. (inclusive us.) · We, used in the same circumstances where “me” would be used instead of “I”, e.g. for the pronoun in isolation or as the complement of the copula · Any entity that the speaker is a part of or identifies with, such as place of employment or education, nation, region, language, etc.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé Proto-Germanic *uns Old English ūs Middle English us English us From Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *uns, from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥swé, alteration of *n̥smé (“us”). The compensatory lengthening was lost in Middle English due to the word being unstressed when used. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uus (“us”), West Frisian us, ús (“us”), Low German uns, us (“us”), Dutch ons (“us”), German uns (“us”), Danish os (“us”), Latin nōs (“we, us”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:us<id:pronoun>",
"id": "pronoun",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *n̥smé\nProto-Germanic *uns\nOld English ūs\nMiddle English us\nEnglish us\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uns\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ūs\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"us\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"us\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"pronoun\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"us\" id=\"English:_pronoun\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "us"
},
"expansion": "Middle English us"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ūs",
"4": "",
"5": "us",
"pos": "dative personal pronoun"
},
"expansion": "Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*uns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *uns"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uns",
"4": "",
"5": "us"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*n̥swé"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥swé"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "uus",
"t": "us"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian uus (“us”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "us"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian us"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "uns"
},
"expansion": "Low German uns"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ons",
"3": "",
"4": "us"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ons (“us”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "uns",
"3": "",
"4": "us"
},
"expansion": "German uns (“us”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "os",
"3": "",
"4": "us"
},
"expansion": "Danish os (“us”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nōs",
"3": "",
"4": "we, us"
},
"expansion": "Latin nōs (“we, us”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:us<id:pronoun>",
"id": "pronoun",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *n̥smé\nProto-Germanic *uns\nOld English ūs\nMiddle English us\nEnglish us"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*n̥smé",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/n̥smé#Proto-Indo-European:_pronoun"
],
[
"*uns",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uns#Proto-Germanic:_pronoun"
],
[
"ūs",
"us#Old_English:_pronoun"
],
[
"us",
"us#Middle_English:_pronoun"
],
[
"us",
"us#Middle_English"
],
[
"ūs",
"us#Old_English"
],
[
"*uns",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/uns"
],
[
"*uns",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uns"
],
[
"*n̥smé",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/n̥smé"
],
[
"uus",
"uus#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"us",
"us#West_Frisian"
],
[
"ús",
"us#West_Frisian"
],
[
"uns",
"uns#Low_German"
],
[
"us",
"us#Low_German"
],
[
"ons",
"ons#Dutch"
],
[
"uns",
"uns#German"
],
[
"os",
"os#Danish"
],
[
"nōs",
"nos#Latin"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"The relationship between the speaker and some other unspecified person."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"recordId": "123ae98fa957b29ebd95f086ddde6ecb673586ff8bbe0b20b2e01b3f8d537304",
"rawRecordSha256": "88f2e9f5ba0801a2d17f43cc0495323f50368fc53d9eb242d776edde1d199bcd",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 24184
},
{
"pos": "det",
"glosses": [
"Designates the speaker(s)/writer(s) as constituting or belonging to the stated category of people (objective case).",
"Designates the speaker(s)/writer(s) as constituting or belonging to the stated category of people (subjective case).",
"Our."
],
"tags": [
"proscribed",
"Northern-England"
],
"recordId": "37ad08d1adb7ef7c4801ed56e6bd1fd313685454140df104c64b82ccc2551b7b",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 24183
},
{
"pos": "pron",
"glosses": [
"Me and at least one other person, excluding the person(s) being addressed. (exclusive us.)",
"Me and at least one other person, including the person(s) being addressed. (inclusive us.)",
"We, used in the same circumstances where “me” would be used instead of “I”, e.g. for the pronoun in isolation or as the complement of the copula",
"Any entity that the speaker is a part of or identifies with, such as place of employment or education, nation, region, language, etc."
],
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun"
],
"recordId": "6cefa41e467353505dd34a51879ddea9854049f380011e8a5699ffdfbe5d5049",
"rawRecordSha256": "dc9704b772dbc24c30aff7b87fbde6e0e2998e8988ac80236526656318952862",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 24182
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 5,
"glosses": 0
}
}