Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryOf, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place, especially when contrasted with the countryside. · Living in a city or town. · Having authority or jurisdiction over a city or town. · Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *werbʰ-der. Proto-Italic *worβis? Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰosder.? Latin urbs Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Proto-Italic *-ānos Latin -ānus Latin urbānusder. Middle French urbainbor. ▲ Latin urbānus ▲ Latin -ānus Old French -ainder. Middle English -an English -an English urban Borrowed from Middle French urbain (“belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane”) (modern French urbain), or from its etymon Latin urbānus (“of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated”) + English -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Urbānus is derived from urbs (“city; walled town; Rome”) (further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence”) or *werbʰ- (“to enclose”)) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). For the euphemistic or proscribed term, it was coined by New York radio DJ Frankie Crocker in the early to mid-1970s as a synonym for Black music.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*gʰerdʰ-ine-pro
- Root classification mention*werbʰ-ine-pro
- Borrowed-form mentionurbainfrm · belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane
- Cognate mentionurbainfr
- Derivation mentionurbānusla · of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated
- Derivation mention*gʰerdʰ-ine-pro · to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰerdʰ-",
"4": "*werbʰ-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "frm:urbain<ety:der<la:urbānus>>",
"4": ":af",
"5": "la:urbānus",
"6": "-an",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *werbʰ-der.\nProto-Italic *worβis?\nProto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰosder.?\nLatin urbs\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin urbānusder.\nMiddle French urbainbor.\n▲\nLatin urbānus\n▲\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish urban\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"city\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*werbʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*worβis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"enclose\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gʰerdʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gʰórdʰos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"urbs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ānos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"urbānus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"urbain\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":af\", \"3\" : \"urbs<t:city>\", \"4\" : \"-ānus\", \"text\" : \"+\", \"title\" : \"urbānus\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"urbānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ānos\", \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"text\" : \"+\", \"title\" : \"-ānus\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ain\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-an\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-an\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"urban\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"urban\">"
},
{
"name": "bor+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "urbain",
"t": "belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle French urbain (“belonging to a city, urban; courteous, refined, urbane”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "urbain"
},
"expansion": "French urbain"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "urbānus",
"t": "of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated"
},
"expansion": "Latin urbānus (“of or belonging to a city, urban; of manners or style: like those of city dwellers: cultivated, polished, refined, sophisticated”)"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-an",
"w": "1",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "English -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰerdʰ-",
"t": "to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; a belt; an enclosure, fence”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "frm:urbain<ety:der<la:urbānus>>",
"4": ":af",
"5": "la:urbānus",
"6": "-an",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *werbʰ-der.\nProto-Italic *worβis?\nProto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰosder.?\nLatin urbs\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin urbānusder.\nMiddle French urbainbor.\n▲\nLatin urbānus\n▲\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ainder.\nMiddle English -an\nEnglish -an\nEnglish urban"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*werbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/werbʰ-"
],
[
"*worβis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/worβis"
],
[
"*gʰerdʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰerdʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_enclose"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_thematic"
],
[
"*gʰórdʰos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰórdʰos"
],
[
"urbs",
"urbs#Latin"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*-nos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-nos"
],
[
"*-ānos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ānos"
],
[
"-ānus",
"-anus#Latin"
],
[
"urbānus",
"urbanus#Latin"
],
[
"urbain",
"urbain#Middle_French"
],
[
"urbānus",
"urbanus#Latin"
],
[
"-ānus",
"-anus#Latin"
],
[
"-ain",
"-ain#Old_French"
],
[
"-an",
"-an#Middle_English"
],
[
"-an",
"-an#English"
],
[
"urbain",
"urbain#Middle_French"
],
[
"urbain",
"urbain#French"
],
[
"urbānus",
"urbanus#Latin"
],
[
"-an",
"-an#English"
],
[
"urbs",
"urbs#Latin"
],
[
"*gʰerdʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰerdʰ-"
],
[
"*werbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/werbʰ-"
],
[
"-ānus",
"-anus#Latin"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place, especially when contrasted with the countryside.",
"Living in a city or town.",
"Having authority or jurisdiction over a city or town.",
"Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"archaic",
"proscribed"
],
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}
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}