Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗verb
To fix an upper onto a shoe. · To raise.
noun
A stimulant, such as amphetamine, that increases energy and decreases appetite. · Anything that cheers one up. · The upper portion of something. · The piece of material that forms the top part of a shoe or boot above the sole.
adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAt a higher physical position, level, rank or order. · Situated on higher ground, further inland, more upstream, or more northerly. · Younger, more recent. · Of or pertaining to a secondary school.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *upó Proto-Germanic *ub Proto-Germanic *upp Proto-West Germanic *upp Old English upp Middle English up Proto-Indo-European *-yōs Proto-Germanic *-izô Proto-West Germanic *-iʀō Proto-Germanic *-ōzô Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀō Old English -ra Middle English -er Middle English upper English upper Inherited from Middle English upper. By surface analysis, up + -er.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionupperenm
This page abbreviates 8 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:upper<ety:af<enm:up><enm:-ere<id:comparative><alt:-er>>>",
"id": "higher",
"tree": "1"
},
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"expansion": "Middle English upper"
},
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"3": "-er",
"id2": "comparative"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, up + -er"
},
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"tree": "1"
},
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}
],
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[
"*upó",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upó#Proto-Indo-European:_adverb"
],
[
"*ub",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ub"
],
[
"*upp",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/upp"
],
[
"*upp",
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],
[
"upp",
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],
[
"up",
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],
[
"*-yōs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yōs"
],
[
"*-izô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-izô"
],
[
"*-iʀō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-iʀō"
],
[
"*-ōzô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōzô"
],
[
"*-ōʀō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōʀō"
],
[
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"up#English"
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]
],
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"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To fix an upper onto a shoe.",
"To raise."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"nonstandard"
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"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A stimulant, such as amphetamine, that increases energy and decreases appetite.",
"Anything that cheers one up.",
"The upper portion of something.",
"The piece of material that forms the top part of a shoe or boot above the sole."
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"pos": "adj",
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"At a higher physical position, level, rank or order.",
"Situated on higher ground, further inland, more upstream, or more northerly.",
"Younger, more recent.",
"Of or pertaining to a secondary school."
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