Etymology of up

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

adv

Away from the surface of the Earth or other planet; in opposite direction to the downward pull of gravity. · To or at a physically higher or more elevated position. · To an upright or erect position. · To a higher level of some quantity or notional quantity, such as price, volume, pitch, happiness, etc.

adj

Facing upwards. · On or at a physically higher level. · Headed or designated to go upward (as an escalator, stairway, elevator etc.) or toward (as a run-up). · Fitted or fixed at a high or relatively high position, especially on a wall or ceiling.

noun

The direction opposed to the pull of gravity. · A positive thing, or a time or situation when things are going well. · An up quark. · An upstairs room of a two story house.

prep

Toward the top of. · Toward the center, source, or main point of reference; toward the end at which something is attached. · From south to north of. · Further along (in any direction).

verb

To physically raise or lift. · To increase the level or amount of. · To promote. · To rise to a standing position; hence, by extension, to act suddenly; see also up and.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *upó Proto-Germanic *ub Proto-Germanic *upp Proto-West Germanic *upp Old English upp Middle English up English up From Middle English up, op, oup, from Old English upp, up, ūp (“up”), from Proto-West Germanic *upp, *ūp, from Proto-Germanic *upp, *eup (“up”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian ap (“up”), West Frisian op (“up”), Dutch op (“up”), German Low German up, op (“up”), German auf (“up”), Danish op (“up”), Swedish upp (“up”), Icelandic upp (“up”), Gothic 𐌹𐌿𐍀 (iup, “up”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentionupenm
Inherited-form mentionuppang
Inherited-form mention*uppgmw-pro
Inherited-form mention*uppgem-pro
Cognate mentionapstq · up
Cognate mentionopfy · up
Cognate mentionopnl · up
Cognate mentionaufde · up
Cognate mentionopda · up
Cognate mentionuppsv · up
Cognate mentionuppis · up
Cognate mention𐌹𐌿𐍀got · up

This page abbreviates 46 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:up",
        "id": "above",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *upó\nProto-Germanic *ub\nProto-Germanic *upp\nProto-West Germanic *upp\nOld English upp\nMiddle English up\nEnglish up\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ub\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*upp\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*upp\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"upp\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"up\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"up\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"above\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"up\" id=\"English:_above\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "up"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English up"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "upp"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English upp"
    },
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      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
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        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*upp"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *upp"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*upp"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *upp"
    },
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      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "ap",
        "t": "up"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian ap (“up”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "op",
        "t": "up"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian op (“up”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "op",
        "t": "up"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch op (“up”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "up"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German up"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "auf",
        "t": "up"
      },
      "expansion": "German auf (“up”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "op",
        "t": "up"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish op (“up”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "upp",
        "t": "up"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish upp (“up”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "upp",
        "t": "up"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic upp (“up”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌹𐌿𐍀",
        "t": "up"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐌿𐍀 (iup, “up”)"
    },
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        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:up",
        "id": "above",
        "tree": "1"
      },
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    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*upó",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upó#Proto-Indo-European:_adverb"
    ],
    [
      "*ub",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ub"
    ],
    [
      "*upp",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/upp"
    ],
    [
      "*upp",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/upp"
    ],
    [
      "upp",
      "upp#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "up",
      "up#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "up",
      "up#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "op",
      "op#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "oup",
      "oup#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "upp",
      "upp#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "up",
      "up#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "ūp",
      "up#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*upp",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/upp"
    ],
    [
      "*ūp",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ūp"
    ],
    [
      "*upp",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/upp"
    ],
    [
      "*eup",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/eup"
    ],
    [
      "ap",
      "ap#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "op",
      "op#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "op",
      "op#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "up",
      "up#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "op",
      "op#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "auf",
      "auf#German"
    ],
    [
      "op",
      "op#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "upp",
      "upp#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "upp",
      "upp#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "𐌹𐌿𐍀",
      "𐌹𐌿𐍀#Gothic"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
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      "pos": "adv",
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        "Away from the surface of the Earth or other planet; in opposite direction to the downward pull of gravity.",
        "To or at a physically higher or more elevated position.",
        "To an upright or erect position.",
        "To a higher level of some quantity or notional quantity, such as price, volume, pitch, happiness, etc."
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        "Facing upwards.",
        "On or at a physically higher level.",
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        "An up quark.",
        "An upstairs room of a two story house."
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        "Toward the top of.",
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        "From south to north of.",
        "Further along (in any direction)."
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      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To physically raise or lift.",
        "To increase the level or amount of.",
        "To promote.",
        "To rise to a standing position; hence, by extension, to act suddenly; see also up and."
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}

The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot