Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗A layer of earth covered with grass; sod. · A piece of such a layer cut from the soil. May be used as sod to make a lawn, dried for peat, stacked to form earthen structures, etc. · A block of peat used as fuel. · A thick, carpet-like bed of algae.
To cover with turf; to create a lawn by laying turfs. · To throw a frisbee well short of its intended target, usually causing it to hit the ground within 10 yards of its release. · To fire from a job or dismiss from a task. · To cancel a project or product.
From Middle English turf, torf, from Old English turf (“turf, sod, soil, piece of grass-covered earth, greensward”), from Proto-West Germanic *turb (“turf, peat”), from Proto-Germanic *turbz (“turf, lawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“tuft, grass”). Cognates Cognate with Scots turr, truff (“turf, peat”), Dutch turf (“turf”), Middle Low German torf (“peat, turf”) (whence German Torf and German Low German Torf), Danish tørv (“peat”), Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish torv (“turf”), Norn *torv (“peat”), French tourbe (“peat”), Finnish turve (“turf”), Lithuanian darbas (“bunch of leaves”), durpės (“peat”), Sanskrit दर्भ (darbhá, “a type of grass”), दूर्वा (dū́rvā, “bent grass”). Not cognate with Danish torv (“square, market, marketplace”), which is instead inherited from Old Norse torg (“marketplace”), from Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ, “trade, trading, commerce, trade square”), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *tъ̑rgъ (“merchandise, commodity, wares”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*derbʰ-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionturfenm
- Inherited-form mentionturfang
- Inherited-form mention*turbgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*turbzgem-pro
- Derivation mention*derbʰ-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionturrsco
- Cognate mentionturfnl
- Cognate mentiontorfgml
- Cognate mentionTorfde
- Cognate mentiontørvda
- Cognate mentiontorvsv
- Cognate mention*torvnrn
- Cognate mentiontourbefr
- Cognate mentionturvefi
- Cognate mentiondarbaslt
- Cognate mentionदर्भsa
- Non-cognate comparisontorvda
This page abbreviates 7 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
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"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*derbʰ-"
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"args": {
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{
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},
{
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"3": "*turbz",
"4": "",
"5": "turf, lawn"
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *turbz (“turf, lawn”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“tuft, grass”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
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"expansion": "Cognates"
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"name": "cog",
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{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "turf",
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"4": "turf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch turf (“turf”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "torf",
"3": "",
"4": "peat, turf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German torf (“peat, turf”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Torf"
},
"expansion": "German Torf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "Torf"
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"expansion": "German Low German Torf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "tørv",
"3": "",
"4": "peat"
},
"expansion": "Danish tørv (“peat”)"
},
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"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Faroese"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torv",
"3": "",
"4": "turf"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torv (“turf”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nrn",
"2": "*torv",
"3": "",
"4": "peat"
},
"expansion": "Norn *torv (“peat”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "tourbe",
"3": "",
"4": "peat"
},
"expansion": "French tourbe (“peat”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "turve",
"3": "",
"4": "turf"
},
"expansion": "Finnish turve (“turf”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "darbas",
"3": "",
"4": "bunch of leaves"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian darbas (“bunch of leaves”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दर्भ",
"3": "",
"4": "a type of grass",
"tr": "darbhá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दर्भ (darbhá, “a type of grass”)"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "torv",
"3": "",
"4": "square, market, marketplace"
},
"expansion": "Danish torv (“square, market, marketplace”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"turf",
"turf#Middle_English"
],
[
"torf",
"torf#Middle_English"
],
[
"turf",
"turf#Old_English"
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[
"*turb",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/turb"
],
[
"*turbz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/turbz"
],
[
"*derbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/derbʰ-"
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[
"turr",
"turr#Scots"
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[
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"truff#Scots"
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[
"turf",
"turf#Dutch"
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[
"torf",
"torf#Middle_Low_German"
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[
"Torf",
"Torf#German"
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[
"Torf",
"Torf#Low_German"
],
[
"tørv",
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],
[
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"torv#Swedish"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Norn/torv"
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[
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"tourbe#French"
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[
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"turve#Finnish"
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[
"darbas",
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[
"durpės",
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],
[
"दर्भ",
"दर्भ#Sanskrit"
],
[
"दूर्वा",
"दूर्वा#Sanskrit"
],
[
"torv",
"torv#Danish"
],
[
"torg",
"torg#Old_Norse"
],
[
"търгъ",
"търгъ#Old_East_Slavic"
],
[
"*tъ̑rgъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъrgъ"
]
],
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"A layer of earth covered with grass; sod.",
"A piece of such a layer cut from the soil. May be used as sod to make a lawn, dried for peat, stacked to form earthen structures, etc.",
"A block of peat used as fuel.",
"A thick, carpet-like bed of algae."
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"To cover with turf; to create a lawn by laying turfs.",
"To throw a frisbee well short of its intended target, usually causing it to hit the ground within 10 yards of its release.",
"To fire from a job or dismiss from a task.",
"To cancel a project or product."
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