Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo chase (an animal or person) up a tree. · To place in a tree. · To place upon a shoe tree; to fit with a shoe tree; to stretch upon a shoe tree. · To take refuge in a tree.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dóru Proto-Germanic *trewą Proto-West Germanic *treu Old English trēow Middle English tre English tree PIE word *dóru From Middle English trau, tre, tree, treo, treou, trew, trewe, troe, trouȝh, trouȝgh, trow, trowe, from Old English trēo, trēow, trēu, trīo, trīow, trȳw (“tree; wood; forest; beam, cudgel, log; cross”), from Proto-West Germanic *treu, from Proto-Germanic *trewą (“tree”), from pre-Germanic *dréwom, thematic e-grade derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”). Related to tar, true. Cognates Cognate with Dutch teer (“tree”), Danish, Faroese, and Scanian træ (“tree; timber, wood”), Elfdalian trai (“tree; timber, wood”), Icelandic tré (“tree; wood”), Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk tre (“tree; wood”), Swedish trä (“wood; tree”), träd (“tree”), Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 (triu, “piece of wood”); also Breton derv (“oak”), Cornish dar (“oak”), Irish dair (“oak”), Manx darragh (“oak; oaken”), Scottish Gaelic darach (“oak”), Welsh dâr (“oak”), Ancient Greek δόρυ (dóru, “tree; wood; spear”) (whence Greek δόρυ (dóry, “pike, spear”)), Albanian dru (“tree; wood”), Latvian darva (“tar”), Lithuanian derva (“tar; resin”), Belarusian дзе́рава (dzjérava, “tree”), дрэ́ва (dréva, “tree; wood”), Czech drvo, dřevo (“wood”), Polish drzewo (“tree; wood”), Russian де́рево (dérevo), дре́во (drévo, “tree; wood”), Serbo-Croatian др̏во, drȇvo, drijȇvo, drȋvo, dȑvo (“tree; wood”), Slovak and Slovene drevo (“tree; wood”), Ukrainian де́рево (dérevo, “tree; wood”), Armenian տարր (tarr, “element; component”), Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬎𐬭𐬎 (dāᵘru, “wood”), Central Kurdish and Persian دار (dâr, “tree; wood”), Northern Kurdish dar (“tree”), Zazaki dare (“tree”), Hittite 𒋫𒊒 (taru), 𒋫𒀀𒊒 (táru, “tree; wood”), Luwian 𒋫𒀀𒊒 (tāru, “wood”), Tocharian A and Tocharian B or (“wood”), Sanskrit दारु (dāru, “timber, wood”). Replaced alternative Middle English beem, from Old English bēam (see beam) and eclipsed non-native Middle English arbre, borrowed from Old French arbre.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentiontrauenm
- Inherited-form mentiontrēoang
- Inherited-form mention*treugmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*trewągem-pro · tree
- Inherited-form mention*dóruine-pro · tree
- Cognate mentionteernl · tree
- Cognate mentiontraiovd · tree; timber, wood
- Cognate mentiontréis · tree; wood
- Cognate mentionträsv · wood; tree
- Cognate mention𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿got · piece of wood
- Cognate mentiondervbr · oak
- Cognate mentiondarkw · oak
- Cognate mentiondairga · oak
- Cognate mentiondarraghgv · oak; oaken
- Cognate mentiondarachgd · oak
- Cognate mentiondârcy · oak
- Cognate mentionδόρυgrc · tree; wood; spear
- Cognate mentionδόρυel · pike, spear
- Cognate mentiondrusq · tree; wood
- Cognate mentiondarvalv · tar
- Cognate mentiondervalt · tar; resin
- Cognate mentionдзе́раваbe · tree
- Cognate mentiondrvocs
- Cognate mentiondrzewopl · tree; wood
- Cognate mentionде́ревоru
- Cognate mentionдр̏воsh
- Cognate mentionде́ревоuk · tree; wood
- Cognate mentionտարրhy · element; component
- Cognate mention𐬛𐬁𐬎𐬭𐬎ae · wood
- Cognate mentiondarkmr · tree
- Cognate mentiondarezza · tree
- Cognate mention𒋫𒊒hit
- Cognate mention𒋫𒀀𒊒xlu · wood
- Cognate mentionदारुsa · timber, wood
- Non-cognate comparisonbeemenm
- Non-cognate comparisonbēamang
- Non-cognate comparisonarbreenm
- Non-cognate comparisonarbrefro
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:tre<id:tree>",
"id": "plant",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dóru\nProto-Germanic *trewą\nProto-West Germanic *treu\nOld English trēow\nMiddle English tre\nEnglish tree\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*trewą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*treu\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"trēow\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"tre\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"tree\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"plant\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"tree\" id=\"English:_plant\">"
},
{
"name": "dercat",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "langname",
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European"
},
{
"name": "word",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine",
"3": "dóru",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "PIE word",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dóru"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *dóru"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "trau"
},
"expansion": "Middle English trau"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "trēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English trēo"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*treu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *treu"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*trewą",
"t": "tree"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trewą (“tree”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dóru",
"t": "tree"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "teer",
"t": "tree"
},
"expansion": "Dutch teer (“tree”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,fo,gmq-scy",
"2": "træ",
"t": "tree; timber, wood"
},
"expansion": "Danish, Faroese, and Scanian træ (“tree; timber, wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "trai",
"t": "tree; timber, wood"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian trai (“tree; timber, wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tré",
"t": "tree; wood"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic tré (“tree; wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb,nn",
"2": "tre",
"t": "tree; wood"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk tre (“tree; wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "trä",
"t": "wood; tree"
},
"expansion": "Swedish trä (“wood; tree”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿",
"t": "piece of wood"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 (triu, “piece of wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "derv",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Breton derv (“oak”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "dar",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Cornish dar (“oak”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dair",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Irish dair (“oak”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "darragh",
"t": "oak; oaken"
},
"expansion": "Manx darragh (“oak; oaken”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "darach",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic darach (“oak”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "dâr",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Welsh dâr (“oak”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δόρυ",
"t": "tree; wood; spear"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δόρυ (dóru, “tree; wood; spear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "δόρυ",
"t": "pike, spear"
},
"expansion": "Greek δόρυ (dóry, “pike, spear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dru",
"t": "tree; wood"
},
"expansion": "Albanian dru (“tree; wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "darva",
"t": "tar"
},
"expansion": "Latvian darva (“tar”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "derva",
"t": "tar; resin"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian derva (“tar; resin”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "дзе́рава",
"t": "tree"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian дзе́рава (dzjérava, “tree”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "drvo"
},
"expansion": "Czech drvo"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "drzewo",
"t": "tree; wood"
},
"expansion": "Polish drzewo (“tree; wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "де́рево"
},
"expansion": "Russian де́рево (dérevo)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "др̏во"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian др̏во"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sk,sl",
"2": "drevo",
"t": "tree; wood"
},
"expansion": "Slovak and Slovene drevo (“tree; wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "де́рево",
"t": "tree; wood"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian де́рево (dérevo, “tree; wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "տարր",
"t": "element; component"
},
"expansion": "Armenian տարր (tarr, “element; component”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬁𐬎𐬭𐬎",
"t": "wood"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬎𐬭𐬎 (dāᵘru, “wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ckb,fa",
"2": "دار",
"tr": "dâr",
"t": "tree; wood"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish and Persian دار (dâr, “tree; wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "dar",
"t": "tree"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish dar (“tree”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "dare",
"t": "tree"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki dare (“tree”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋫𒊒",
"tr": "taru"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒋫𒊒 (taru)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒋫𒀀𒊒",
"tr": "tāru",
"t": "wood"
},
"expansion": "Luwian 𒋫𒀀𒊒 (tāru, “wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xto,txb",
"2": "or",
"t": "wood"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A and Tocharian B or (“wood”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दारु",
"t": "timber, wood"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दारु (dāru, “timber, wood”)"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beem"
},
"expansion": "Middle English beem"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēam"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēam"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "arbre"
},
"expansion": "Middle English arbre"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "arbre"
},
"expansion": "Old French arbre"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:tre<id:tree>",
"id": "plant",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dóru\nProto-Germanic *trewą\nProto-West Germanic *treu\nOld English trēow\nMiddle English tre\nEnglish tree"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*dóru",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dóru"
],
[
"*trewą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trewą#Proto-Germanic:_tree"
],
[
"*treu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/treu#Proto-West_Germanic:_tree"
],
[
"trēow",
"treow#Old_English:_tree"
],
[
"tre",
"tre#Middle_English:_tree"
],
[
"*dóru",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dóru"
],
[
"trau",
"trau#Middle_English"
],
[
"tre",
"tre#Middle_English"
],
[
"tree",
"tree#Middle_English"
],
[
"treo",
"treo#Middle_English"
],
[
"treou",
"treou#Middle_English"
],
[
"trew",
"trew#Middle_English"
],
[
"trewe",
"trewe#Middle_English"
],
[
"troe",
"troe#Middle_English"
],
[
"trouȝh",
"trouȝh#Middle_English"
],
[
"trouȝgh",
"trouȝgh#Middle_English"
],
[
"trow",
"trow#Middle_English"
],
[
"trowe",
"trowe#Middle_English"
],
[
"trēo",
"treo#Old_English"
],
[
"trēow",
"treow#Old_English"
],
[
"trēu",
"treu#Old_English"
],
[
"trīo",
"trio#Old_English"
],
[
"trīow",
"triow#Old_English"
],
[
"trȳw",
"tryw#Old_English"
],
[
"*treu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/treu"
],
[
"*trewą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trewą"
],
[
"*dréwom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dréwom"
],
[
"*dóru",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dóru"
],
[
"tar",
"tar#English"
],
[
"true",
"true#English"
],
[
"teer",
"teer#Dutch"
],
[
"Danish",
"træ#Danish"
],
[
"Faroese",
"træ#Faroese"
],
[
"træ",
"træ#Scanian"
],
[
"trai",
"trai#Elfdalian"
],
[
"tré",
"tré#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"tre#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"tre",
"tre#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"trä",
"trä#Swedish"
],
[
"träd",
"träd#Swedish"
],
[
"𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿",
"𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿#Gothic"
],
[
"derv",
"derv#Breton"
],
[
"dar",
"dar#Cornish"
],
[
"dair",
"dair#Irish"
],
[
"darragh",
"darragh#Manx"
],
[
"darach",
"darach#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"dâr",
"dâr#Welsh"
],
[
"δόρυ",
"δόρυ#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"δόρυ",
"δόρυ#Greek"
],
[
"dru",
"dru#Albanian"
],
[
"darva",
"darva#Latvian"
],
[
"derva",
"derva#Lithuanian"
],
[
"дзе́рава",
"дзерава#Belarusian"
],
[
"дрэ́ва",
"дрэва#Belarusian"
],
[
"drvo",
"drvo#Czech"
],
[
"dřevo",
"dřevo#Czech"
],
[
"drzewo",
"drzewo#Polish"
],
[
"де́рево",
"дерево#Russian"
],
[
"дре́во",
"древо#Russian"
],
[
"др̏во",
"дрво#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"drȇvo",
"drevo#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"drijȇvo",
"drijevo#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"drȋvo",
"drivo#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"dȑvo",
"drvo#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"Slovak",
"drevo#Slovak"
],
[
"drevo",
"drevo#Slovene"
],
[
"де́рево",
"дерево#Ukrainian"
],
[
"տարր",
"տարր#Armenian"
],
[
"𐬛𐬁𐬎𐬭𐬎",
"𐬛𐬁𐬎𐬭𐬎#Avestan"
],
[
"Central Kurdish",
"دار#Central_Kurdish"
],
[
"دار",
"دار#Persian"
],
[
"dar",
"dar#Northern_Kurdish"
],
[
"dare",
"dare#Zazaki"
],
[
"𒋫𒊒",
"𒋫𒊒#Hittite"
],
[
"𒋫𒀀𒊒",
"𒋫𒀀𒊒#Hittite"
],
[
"𒋫𒀀𒊒",
"𒋫𒀀𒊒#Luwian"
],
[
"Tocharian A",
"or#Tocharian_A"
],
[
"or",
"or#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"दारु",
"दारु#Sanskrit"
],
[
"beem",
"beem#Middle_English"
],
[
"bēam",
"beam#Old_English"
],
[
"beam",
"beam#English"
],
[
"arbre",
"arbre#Middle_English"
],
[
"arbre",
"arbre#Old_French"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To chase (an animal or person) up a tree.",
"To place in a tree.",
"To place upon a shoe tree; to fit with a shoe tree; to stretch upon a shoe tree.",
"To take refuge in a tree."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"intransitive"
],
"recordId": "d7ec2ccf04531485a55d56c4b57fda2f0bef7ca36c4828ef2ada6cd8de480e3e",
"rawRecordSha256": "f2dfbaef98b2db71250bd916066e6c3117013ee4f43e9417cbd95955faa3b83a",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 16386
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}