Etymology of trade

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

noun

The buying and selling of goods and services on a market. · A particular instance of buying or selling, or a series of related transactions executed as a single investment. · An idea or strategy for an investment on a market. · An instance of bartering items in exchange for one another.

verb

To engage in trade. · To be traded at a certain price or under certain conditions. · To give (something) in exchange (for). · To mutually exchange (something) (with).

adj

Of a product, produced for sale in the ordinary bulk retail trade and hence of only the most basic quality.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- Proto-Germanic *tradō Proto-West Germanic *trudo Old Saxon tradader. Middle Low German tradeder. Middle English trade English trade From Middle English trade (“path, course of conduct”), introduced into English by Hanseatic merchants, from Middle Low German trade (“track, course”), from Old Saxon trada (“spoor, track”), from Proto-West Germanic *tradu, from Proto-Germanic *tradō (“track, way”), and cognate with Old English tredan (“to tread”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- (“to tread, walk, step, run”). Displaced Middle English chaffare. Cognate with Dutch trade, tra (“path, trail, course, trade”), German Low German Traad (“track, wagon trail”), Luxembourgish Tratt (“step, pace”), Icelandic tröð (“a lane between fences, enclosure, pen”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentiontradeenm · path, course of conduct
Derivation mentiontradegml · track, course
Derivation mentiontradaosx · spoor, track
Derivation mention*tradugmw-pro
Derivation mention*tradōgem-pro · track, way
Cognate mentiontredanang · to tread
Derivation mention*dreh₂-ine-pro · to tread, walk, step, run
Non-cognate comparisonchaffareenm
Cognate mentiontradenl
Cognate mentionTrattlb · step, pace
Cognate mentiontröðis · a lane between fences, enclosure, pen

This page abbreviates 18 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:trade<ety:der<gml: trade<ety:der<osx:trada>>>>",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dreh₂-\nProto-Germanic *tradō\nProto-West Germanic *trudo\nOld Saxon tradader.\nMiddle Low German tradeder.\nMiddle English trade\nEnglish trade\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dreh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*tradō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*trudo\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Saxon\", \"term\" : \"trada\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"osx\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Low German\", \"term\" : \"trade\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gml\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"trade\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"trade\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"trade\">"
    },
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      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "trade",
        "t": "path, course of conduct"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English trade (“path, course of conduct”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "trade",
        "t": "track, course"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German trade (“track, course”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "osx",
        "3": "trada",
        "t": "spoor, track"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon trada (“spoor, track”)"
    },
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      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*tradu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tradu"
    },
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      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tradō",
        "t": "track, way"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tradō (“track, way”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "tredan",
        "t": "to tread"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tredan (“to tread”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dreh₂-",
        "t": "to tread, walk, step, run"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- (“to tread, walk, step, run”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "glossary",
      "args": {
        "1": "Displaced"
      },
      "expansion": "Displaced"
    },
    {
      "name": "ncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chaffare",
        "3": "",
        "t": "",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": "",
        "id": "",
        "sc": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chaffare"
    },
    {
      "name": "displaced",
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chaffare"
      },
      "expansion": "Displaced Middle English chaffare"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "trade"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch trade"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "Traad",
        "t": "track, wagon trail"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German Traad (“track, wagon trail”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "lb",
        "2": "Tratt",
        "t": "step, pace"
      },
      "expansion": "Luxembourgish Tratt (“step, pace”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "tröð",
        "t": "a lane between fences, enclosure, pen"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic tröð (“a lane between fences, enclosure, pen”)"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:trade<ety:der<gml: trade<ety:der<osx:trada>>>>",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dreh₂-\nProto-Germanic *tradō\nProto-West Germanic *trudo\nOld Saxon tradader.\nMiddle Low German tradeder.\nMiddle English trade\nEnglish trade"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*dreh₂-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dreh₂-"
    ],
    [
      "*tradō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tradō"
    ],
    [
      "*trudo",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/trudo"
    ],
    [
      "trada",
      "trada#Old_Saxon"
    ],
    [
      "trade",
      "trade#Middle_Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "trade",
      "trade#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "trade",
      "trade#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "trade",
      "trade#Middle_Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "trada",
      "trada#Old_Saxon"
    ],
    [
      "*tradu",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tradu"
    ],
    [
      "*tradō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tradō"
    ],
    [
      "tredan",
      "tredan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*dreh₂-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dreh₂-"
    ],
    [
      "chaffare",
      "chaffare#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "trade",
      "trade#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "tra",
      "tra#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Traad",
      "Traad#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "Tratt",
      "Tratt#Luxembourgish"
    ],
    [
      "tröð",
      "tröð#Icelandic"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The buying and selling of goods and services on a market.",
        "A particular instance of buying or selling, or a series of related transactions executed as a single investment.",
        "An idea or strategy for an investment on a market.",
        "An instance of bartering items in exchange for one another."
      ],
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    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To engage in trade.",
        "To be traded at a certain price or under certain conditions.",
        "To give (something) in exchange (for).",
        "To mutually exchange (something) (with)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "copulative",
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
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      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Of a product, produced for sale in the ordinary bulk retail trade and hence of only the most basic quality."
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      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
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    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 18,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot