Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
True facts, genuine depiction or statements of reality. · Conformity to fact or reality; correctness, accuracy. · The state or quality of being true to someone or something. · Faithfulness, fidelity.
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo assert as true; to declare; to speak truthfully. · To make exact; to correct for inaccuracy. · To tell the truth.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *drewH-der. Proto-Germanic *triwwiz Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂der. Proto-Germanic *-iþō Proto-Germanic *triwwiþō Old English trēowþ Middle English trouthe English truth Inherited from Middle English trouthe, from Old English trēowþ, from Proto-Germanic *triwwiþō, from *triwwiz + *-iþō. By surface analysis, true + -th. Doublet of troth. Cognate with Norwegian trygd (“trustworthiness, security, insurance”), Icelandic tryggð (“loyalty, fidelity”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 6 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:trouthe",
"tree": "1",
"text": "++"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *drewH-der.\nProto-Germanic *triwwiz\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂der.\nProto-Germanic *-iþō\nProto-Germanic *triwwiþō\nOld English trēowþ\nMiddle English trouthe\nEnglish truth\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*drewH-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*drew-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*triwwiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-teh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iþō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*triwwiþō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"trēowe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"id\" : \"o-stem\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"abstract nouns\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"gem-pro\", \"2\" : \":der\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:*-teh₂<id:suffix>\", \"id\" : \"abstract nouns\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iþō\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iþu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-þ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"trēowþ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : [ \"gem-pro\", \":der\", \"ine-pro:*drew-<alt:*drewH->\" ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*triwwiz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*triuwī\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"trīewe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"trewe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"o-stem\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ang\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"gmw-pro:*-iþu\", \"id\" : \"o-stem\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-þ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"id\" : \"i-stem\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-þiz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-þi\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-þ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-the\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"trouthe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"truth\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"truth\">\nInherited from Middle English trouthe, from Old English trēowþ, from Proto-Germanic *triwwiþō, from *triwwiz + *-iþō."
},
{
"name": "surf",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "true",
"3": "-th"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, true + -th"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "troth"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of troth"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "trygd",
"3": "",
"4": "trustworthiness, security, insurance"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian trygd (“trustworthiness, security, insurance”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tryggð",
"3": "",
"4": "loyalty, fidelity"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic tryggð (“loyalty, fidelity”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:trouthe",
"tree": "1",
"text": "++"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *drewH-der.\nProto-Germanic *triwwiz\nProto-Indo-European *-teh₂der.\nProto-Germanic *-iþō\nProto-Germanic *triwwiþō\nOld English trēowþ\nMiddle English trouthe\nEnglish truth\nInherited from Middle English trouthe, from Old English trēowþ, from Proto-Germanic *triwwiþō, from *triwwiz + *-iþō."
}
],
"links": [
[
"*drewH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/drew-"
],
[
"*triwwiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/triwwiz"
],
[
"*-teh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-teh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
],
[
"*-iþō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-iþō"
],
[
"*triwwiþō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/triwwiþō"
],
[
"trēowþ",
"treowþ#Old_English"
],
[
"trouthe",
"trouthe#Middle_English"
],
[
"trouthe",
"trouthe#Middle_English"
],
[
"trēowþ",
"treowþ#Old_English"
],
[
"*triwwiþō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/triwwiþō"
],
[
"*triwwiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/triwwiz"
],
[
"*-iþō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-iþō"
],
[
"true",
"true#English"
],
[
"-th",
"-th#English"
],
[
"troth",
"troth#English"
],
[
"trygd",
"trygd#Norwegian"
],
[
"tryggð",
"tryggð#Icelandic"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"True facts, genuine depiction or statements of reality.",
"Conformity to fact or reality; correctness, accuracy.",
"The state or quality of being true to someone or something.",
"Faithfulness, fidelity."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually",
"archaic"
],
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},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To assert as true; to declare; to speak truthfully.",
"To make exact; to correct for inaccuracy.",
"To tell the truth."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive",
"intransitive",
"nonstandard"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 146805
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 6,
"glosses": 0
}
}