Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗adv
Accurately; in alignment. · Truthfully.
verb
To straighten (something that is supposed to be straight). · To make even, level, symmetrical, or accurate, align; adjust (often followed by up).
adj
Conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct. · As an ellipsis of "(while) it is true (that)", used to start a sentence · Conforming to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate. · Of the state in Boolean logic that indicates an affirmative or positive result.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryThe state of being in alignment. · Truth.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *drewH-der. Proto-Germanic *triwwiz Proto-West Germanic *triuwī Old English trīewe Middle English trewe English true From Middle English treowe, trew, trewe, triwe, true, trwe, from Old English trēowe, trīewe (“faithful, true”), from Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“faithful, true”), from pre-Germanic *drewh₂yos, from Proto-Indo-European *drewH- (“firm, hard, true”). Cognates Cognate with Saterland Frisian trjou (“honest”), Alemannic German trüüw (“loyal”), Dutch trouw (“loyal, true”), German treu (“loyal, true”), Luxembourgish trei (“loyal”), Danish tryg (“safe, secure”), Faroese and Icelandic tryggur (“faithful, loyal; safe”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish trygg (“safe, secure”), Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (triggws, “true; faithful, loyal”); also Irish dearbh (“sure”), Old Prussian druwis (“faith”), Ancient Greek δροόν (droón, “firm”)), extension of *dóru (“tree”) (possibly also Proto-Slavic *sъdorvъ (“healthy”) from the same root). More at tree. For the semantic development, compare Latin robustus (“tough”) from robur (“red oak”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentiontreoweenm
- Inherited-form mentiontrēoweang
- Inherited-form mention*triwwizgem-pro · faithful, true
- Derivation mention*drew-ine-pro · firm, hard, true
- Cognate mentiontrjoustq · honest
- Cognate mentiontrüüwgsw · loyal
- Cognate mentiontrouwnl · loyal, true
- Cognate mentiontreude · loyal, true
- Cognate mentiontreilb · loyal
- Cognate mentiontrygda · safe, secure
- Cognate mention𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃got · true; faithful, loyal
- Cognate mentiondearbhga · sure
- Cognate mentiondruwisprg
- Cognate mentionδροόνgrc
- Cognate mention*sъdorvъsla-pro
- Cognate mentionrobustusla
This page abbreviates 7 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:trewe",
"id": "factual",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *drewH-der.\nProto-Germanic *triwwiz\nProto-West Germanic *triuwī\nOld English trīewe\nMiddle English trewe\nEnglish true\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*drewH-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*drew-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*triwwiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*triuwī\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"trīewe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"trewe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"true\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"factual\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"true\" id=\"English:_factual\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "treowe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English treowe"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "trēowe"
},
"expansion": "Old English trēowe"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*triwwiz",
"t": "faithful, true"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“faithful, true”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*drew-",
"4": "*drewH-",
"t": "firm, hard, true"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *drewH- (“firm, hard, true”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "trjou",
"t": "honest"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian trjou (“honest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "trüüw",
"t": "loyal"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German trüüw (“loyal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "trouw",
"t": "loyal, true"
},
"expansion": "Dutch trouw (“loyal, true”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "treu",
"t": "loyal, true"
},
"expansion": "German treu (“loyal, true”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "trei",
"t": "loyal"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish trei (“loyal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tryg",
"t": "safe, secure"
},
"expansion": "Danish tryg (“safe, secure”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo,is",
"2": "tryggur",
"t": "faithful, loyal; safe"
},
"expansion": "Faroese and Icelandic tryggur (“faithful, loyal; safe”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb,nn,sv",
"2": "trygg",
"t": "safe, secure"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish trygg (“safe, secure”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃",
"t": "true; faithful, loyal"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (triggws, “true; faithful, loyal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dearbh",
"t": "sure"
},
"expansion": "Irish dearbh (“sure”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "druwis",
"3": "",
"4": "faith"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian druwis (“faith”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δροόν",
"3": "",
"4": "firm"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δροόν (droón, “firm”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sъdorvъ",
"3": "",
"4": "healthy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sъdorvъ (“healthy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "robustus",
"3": "",
"4": "tough"
},
"expansion": "Latin robustus (“tough”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:trewe",
"id": "factual",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *drewH-der.\nProto-Germanic *triwwiz\nProto-West Germanic *triuwī\nOld English trīewe\nMiddle English trewe\nEnglish true"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*drewH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/drew-"
],
[
"*triwwiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/triwwiz"
],
[
"*triuwī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/triuwī"
],
[
"trīewe",
"triewe#Old_English"
],
[
"trewe",
"trewe#Middle_English"
],
[
"treowe",
"treowe#Middle_English"
],
[
"trew",
"trew#Middle_English"
],
[
"trewe",
"trewe#Middle_English"
],
[
"triwe",
"triwe#Middle_English"
],
[
"true",
"true#Middle_English"
],
[
"trwe",
"trwe#Middle_English"
],
[
"trēowe",
"treowe#Old_English"
],
[
"trīewe",
"triewe#Old_English"
],
[
"*triwwiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/triwwiz"
],
[
"*drewH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/drew-"
],
[
"trjou",
"trjou#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"trüüw",
"trüüw#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"trouw",
"trouw#Dutch"
],
[
"treu",
"treu#German"
],
[
"trei",
"trei#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"tryg",
"tryg#Danish"
],
[
"Faroese",
"tryggur#Faroese"
],
[
"tryggur",
"tryggur#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"trygg#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"trygg#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"trygg",
"trygg#Swedish"
],
[
"𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃",
"𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"dearbh",
"dearbh#Irish"
],
[
"druwis",
"druwis#Old_Prussian"
],
[
"δροόν",
"δροόν#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*dóru",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dóru"
],
[
"*sъdorvъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъdorvъ"
],
[
"tree",
"tree#English"
],
[
"robustus",
"robustus#Latin"
],
[
"robur",
"robur#Latin"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Accurately; in alignment.",
"Truthfully."
],
"tags": [
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"archaic"
],
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{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To straighten (something that is supposed to be straight).",
"To make even, level, symmetrical, or accurate, align; adjust (often followed by up)."
],
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"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct.",
"As an ellipsis of \"(while) it is true (that)\", used to start a sentence",
"Conforming to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate.",
"Of the state in Boolean logic that indicates an affirmative or positive result."
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{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"The state of being in alignment.",
"Truth."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"obsolete"
],
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"lexicalSenses": 7,
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