English word origin

Etymology of tiver

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗

In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗

noun

A kind of ochre used for marking sheep in some parts of England.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English *tever, teapor, teafur, from Old English tēafor (“red, red lead, vermilion, purple; a material used in making salve; pigment, salve”), from Proto-West Germanic *taubr, from Proto-Germanic *taubrą (“magic, sorcery”). Cognate with Dutch toverij (“sorcery, witchcraft”), German Zauber (“magic”), Icelandic töfrar (“magic, spells”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mention*teverenm
Inherited-form mentiontēaforang
Inherited-form mention*taubrgmw-pro
Inherited-form mention*taubrągem-pro · magic, sorcery
Cognate mentiontoverijnl · sorcery, witchcraft
Cognate mentionZauberde · magic
Cognate mentiontöfraris · magic, spells

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "*tever"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English *tever"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "tēafor",
        "4": "",
        "5": "red, red lead, vermilion, purple; a material used in making salve; pigment, salve"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tēafor (“red, red lead, vermilion, purple; a material used in making salve; pigment, salve”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*taubr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *taubr"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*taubrą",
        "t": "magic, sorcery"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *taubrą (“magic, sorcery”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "toverij",
        "t": "sorcery, witchcraft"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch toverij (“sorcery, witchcraft”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Zauber",
        "t": "magic"
      },
      "expansion": "German Zauber (“magic”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "töfrar",
        "t": "magic, spells"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic töfrar (“magic, spells”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*tever",
      "Reconstruction:Middle English/tever"
    ],
    [
      "teapor",
      "teapor#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "teafur",
      "teafur#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "tēafor",
      "teafor#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "vermilion",
      "vermilion"
    ],
    [
      "salve",
      "salve"
    ],
    [
      "*taubr",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/taubr"
    ],
    [
      "*taubrą",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/taubrą"
    ],
    [
      "toverij",
      "toverij#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Zauber",
      "Zauber#German"
    ],
    [
      "töfrar",
      "töfrar#Icelandic"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A kind of ochre used for marking sheep in some parts of England."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "7caebf9e7360aea9b196b75090fcbc15254fff8fab2818670233a2dc0c0d1197",
      "rawRecordSha256": "8aa57d34b9ef9164541ae62b7843e81223e007f2487ddc8857d44c850c5863e6",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 1628005
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗

verb

To mark with tiver, as sheep.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English *teveren, from Old English tēofrian, *tīefran (“to mark in red or purple, colour; depict, portray”), from tēafor as above.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mention*teverenenm
Inherited-form mentiontēofrianang

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "*teveren"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English *teveren"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "tēofrian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tēofrian"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*teveren",
      "Reconstruction:Middle English/teveren"
    ],
    [
      "tēofrian",
      "teofrian#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*tīefran",
      "Reconstruction:Old English/tiefran"
    ],
    [
      "tēafor",
      "teafor#Old_English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To mark with tiver, as sheep."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "England",
        "regional",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "93b18cee138ccb8326c32c652d916e29585a46e16e78259eae5f31d21961fc56",
      "rawRecordSha256": "d91b1045c3cc5afb8148e5f3a1d6b8f48e5479b03005023d39d7e8d406e81be5",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 1628006
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for tiver →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger

Machine-source provenance

Source SHA-256: 5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run: 73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID: w-dGl2ZXI