*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of them

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *þaimaz Old Norse þeimbor. Middle English þem English them From Middle English þem, from Old Norse þeim.

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

Synonym of they (“a non-binary person”).

det

Those.

pron

Used as the direct object of a verb. · Used as the indirect object of a verb. · Used as the object of a preposition. · As a grammatical subject or object when joined with a conjunction.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *þaimaz Old Norse þeimbor. Middle English þem English them From Middle English þem, from Old Norse þeim.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionþemenm
  • Derivation mentionþeimnon

This page abbreviates 7 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:þem",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *þaimaz\nOld Norse þeimbor.\nMiddle English þem\nEnglish them\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*þaimaz\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"þeim\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"þem\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"them\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"them\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "þem"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English þem"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "þeim"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse þeim"
    },
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        "3": "enm:þem",
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      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *þaimaz\nOld Norse þeimbor.\nMiddle English þem\nEnglish them"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*þaimaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þaimaz"
    ],
    [
      "þeim",
      "þeim#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "þem",
      "þem#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "þem",
      "þem#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "þeim",
      "þeim#Old_Norse"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of they (“a non-binary person”)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncommon"
      ],
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    },
    {
      "pos": "det",
      "glosses": [
        "Those."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "recordId": "ae6de442e4b0e798856177a2401f6736679401c4128ff421ffad036dc766ec6f",
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    },
    {
      "pos": "pron",
      "glosses": [
        "Used as the direct object of a verb.",
        "Used as the indirect object of a verb.",
        "Used as the object of a preposition.",
        "As a grammatical subject or object when joined with a conjunction."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural",
        "personal",
        "pronoun",
        "third-person",
        "colloquial",
        "nonstandard",
        "uncommon"
      ],
      "recordId": "e8001d0e1eb260a4cd8b18b8974fe06ac1b8fa980b96c36444e8183cb81a7354",
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  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
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    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 7,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for them →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-dGhlbQ